
                             Pine Technical Notes
                                       
   Version 4.05, September 1998
   
   Pine and Pico are trademarks of the University of Washington.
   Copyright © 1989-1998 by the University of Washington. For information
   on copying, modifying or distributing documents from the Pine
   Information Center, see the Legal Notices.
   
Table of Contents

  Introduction
  
     * Design Goals
     * Pine Components
       
  Background Details
  
     * Domain Names
     * RFC 822 Compliance
     * SMTP and Sendmail
     * Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
     * Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
     * Folder Collections
       
  Building and Installation
  
     * Compile-time Options
     * Including LDAP Functionality
     * Including Kerberos 5 Functionality
     * Pine Compile-time Options
     * Pico Compile-time Options
     * OS Dependent Compile-time Settings
     * IMAPd Compile-time Options
     * Building the Pine Programs
     * Installing Pine and Pico on UNIX Platforms
     * Installing PC-Pine
     * Installing IMAPd
     * Support Files and Environment Variables: UNIX Pine
     * Support Files and Environment Variables: PC-Pine
       
  Command Line Arguments
  
     * Pine
     * Pico
     * Pilot
       
  Configuration and Preferences
  
     * Pine Configuration
     * General Configuration Variables
     * Configuration Features
     * Hidden Config Variables and Features
     * Retired Variables
       
    Configuration Notes
          + Pine in Function Key Mode
          + Domain Settings
          + Syntax for Collections
          + Syntax for Remote Folders
          + Sorting a Folder
          + Alternate Editor
          + Signatures and Signature Placement
          + Feature List Variable
          + SMTP Servers
          + MIME.Types file
          + Additional Notes on PC-Pine
       
  Behind the Scenes
  
     * Address Books
     * Checkpointing
     * Debug Files
     * Filters
     * Folder Formats and Name Extensions
     * Folder Locking
     * INBOX and Special Folders
     * Internal Help Files
     * International Character Sets
     * Interrupted and Postponed Messages
     * Message Status
     * MIME: Reading a Message
     * MIME: Sending a Message
     * New Mail Notification
     * NFS
     * Printers and Printing
     * Save and Export
     * Sent Mail
     * Spell Checker
     * Terminal Emulation and Key Mapping
       
  Notes for Porting and Modification
  
     * Porting Pine to Other Platforms
     * Test Checklist

                                 Introduction
                                       
Design Goals

   Throughout Pine development, we have had to strike a balance between
   the need to include features which advanced users require and the need
   to keep things simple for beginning users. To strike this balance, we
   have tried to adhere to these design principles:
   
   
          - The underlying model presented to the user has to be simple
          and clear. Underlying system operation is hidden as much as
          possible.
   
          - It's better to have a few easily understood commands that can
          be repeated than to have some more sophisticated command that
          will do the job all at once.
   
          - Whenever the user has to select a command, file name,
          address, etc., the user should be given (or can get) a menu
          from which to make the selection. Menus need to be complete,
          small, organized and well thought out.
   
          - Pine must provide immediate feedback for the user with each
          operation.
   
          - Pine must be very tolerant of user errors. Any time a user is
          about to perform an irreversible act (send a message, expunge
          messages from a folder), Pine should ask for confirmation.
   
          - Users should be able to learn by exploration without fear of
          doing anything wrong. This is an important feature so the user
          can get started quickly without reading any manuals and so
          fewer manuals are required.
   
          - The core set of Pine functions should be kept to a minimum so
          new users don't feel "lost" in seemingly extraneous commands
          and concepts.
          
   Just as there were goals relating to the look and feel of Pine, there
   were equally important goals having to do with Pine's structure-the
   things that users never see but still rely on every time they use
   Pine. While Pine can be used as a stand-alone mail user agent, one of
   its strongest assets is its use of the Internet Message Access
   Protocol (IMAP) for accessing remote email folders. In addition, Pine
   was one of the first programs to support the Multipurpose Internet
   Mail Extensions (MIME) specification. With MIME, Pine users can
   reliably send any binary file to any other person on the Internet who
   uses a MIME compliant email program.
   
   The decision to use IMAP and MIME reflects the importance of
   interoperability, standardization and robustness in Pine. As you work
   with Pine more, you will see other features which reflect the same
   values. For example, Pine enforces strict compliance with RFC 822,
   implements a strong mail folder locking mechanism and verifies a
   process before overwriting any files (e.g. addressbook, expunging
   messages).
   
Pine Components

   If you have picked up the Pine distribution, then you already know
   that Pine comes in a few different pieces. They are:
   
   Pine
          The main code from which the Pine program is compiled.
   Pico
          Pico is the name for the Pine composer. The Pico code is used
          in two ways: (1) it is compiled on its own to be a stand-alone
          editor and, (2) it is compiled as a library for Pine to support
          composition of messages within Pine. Pico is Pine's internal
          editor invoked when users need to fill in header lines or type
          the text of an email message.
   Imap
          An API for IMAP. Includes the C-Client library, which is
          compiled into Pine, and the IMAP server IMAPd. C-Client
          implements the IMAP protocol and also negotiates all access
          between Pine and the mail folders it operates on, even if the
          folders are local. The C-Client routines are used for email
          folder parsing and interpreting MIME messages. IMAPd is a
          separate server that handles IMAP connections from any
          IMAP-compliant email program. When Pine accesses a remote
          mailbox, the Pine program is the IMAP client and the IMAPd
          program is the IMAP server.

                              Background Details
                                       
Domain Names

   
   Domain names are used to uniquely name each host on the Internet. A
   domain name has a number of parts separated by periods. Each label
   represents a level in the hierarchy. An example of a name is:
   
     olive.cac.washington.edu
     
   In this domain name the top-level label is edu, indicating it is at an
   educational institution, the second-level label is washington,
   indicating the University of Washington. cac is a specific department
   within the University of Washington, and olive is the host name. The
   top-level names are assigned by Internet organizations, and other
   names are assigned at the appropriate level. The Domain Name Service,
   DNS, is the distributed database used to look up these names.
   
   Pine relies on domain names in multiple places. A domain name is
   embedded into the message-id line generated for each piece of email. A
   domain name is needed to contact an IMAP server to get access to
   remote INBOXes and folders. Most importantly, domain names are needed
   to construct the From: line of your outgoing messages so that people
   on the Internet will be able to get email back to you.
   
   On UNIX systems, you can set the domain via the user-domain variable
   in the Pine configuration file, or rely on the file /etc/hosts which
   usually sets the name of the local host. While Pine can often deliver
   email without the domain name being properly configured, it is best to
   have this set correctly. Problems can usually be solved by adjusting
   the system's entry in the /etc/hosts file. The fully-qualified name
   should be listed before any abbreviations.
   
     128.95.112.99 olive.cac.washington.edu olive
     
   is preferred over
   
     128.95.112.99 olive olive.cac.washington.edu
     
   On PCs, the task of configuring the domain name is a bit different.
   Often times, PCs do not have domain names-they have IP addresses. IP
   addresses are the numbers which uniquely identify a computer on the
   network. The way you configure your IP address depends on the
   networking software which you use on the PC. You can refer to the
   documentation which came with your networking software or see the PC
   specific installation notes for help configuring the IP address with
   your network software.
   
   With PCs, it is vital that users set the variable user-domain in the
   Pine configuration file (PINERC).
   
   Details on configuring Pine with correct domain names can be found in
   the Domain Settings section of this document.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
RFC 822 Compliance

   Pine tries to adhere to RFC 822 a little more strongly than some other
   mailers and uses the "full name <address>" format rather than the
   older "address (full name)" format. The intent of the standard is that
   parentheses should only be for comments. Pine displays and generates
   the newer format, but will parse the old format and attempt to turn it
   into the new one.
   
   As far as outgoing email is concerned, Pine fully-qualifies addresses
   whenever possible. They are even displayed in fully-qualified form on
   the terminal as the user composes a message. This makes addresses more
   clear and gives a hint to the user that the network extends beyond the
   local organization. Pine implements fully-qualified domain names by
   tacking on the local domain to all unqualified addresses which a user
   types in. Any address which does not contain an "@" is considered
   unqualified.
   
   The newer format for addresses allows for spaces and special
   characters in the full name of an address. For this reason, commas are
   required to separate addresses. If any special characters as defined
   in RFC 822 appear in the full name, quotes are required around the
   address. Pine will insert the quotes automatically. The common cases
   where this happens are with periods after initials and parentheses.
   
   Because Pine fully complies with RFC 822, it is sometimes difficult to
   use non-Internet address formats such as UUCP's host!user or DECNet's
   USER::HOST with Pine. People who run Pine on these systems have made
   local modifications to Pine or to the mail transport agent (e.g.
   sendmail) to make things work for them.
   
   Pine expects dates to be in the standard RFC 822 format which is
   something like:

        [www, ] dd mmm yy hh:mm[:ss] [timezone]

   It will attempt to parse dates that are not in this format. When an
   unparsable date is encountered it is displayed as xxx xx when shown in
   the FOLDER INDEX screen.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
SMTP and Sendmail

   Pine is a user agent not a message transfer agent. In plain English,
   that means Pine does not know how to interact with other computers on
   the Internet to deliver or receive email. What Pine does know how to
   do is help users read, organize and create email. The "dirty work" of
   delivering and accepting email is handled by other programs.
   
   All outgoing email is delivered to a mail transfer program or to an
   SMTP server. The most common mail transfer program is sendmail.
   
   Pine 3.91 and earlier:
          When Pine on a UNIX computer uses the local sendmail, it first
          writes the message to a temporary file in /tmp. Then Pine runs
          a shell in the background that runs sendmail on the temporary
          file and then removes it. This is done with a shell in the
          background so the user doesn't have to wait for sendmail to
          finish. By default, sendmail is invoked with the -t flag to
          cause it to read and parse the header to determine the
          recipients; the -oem flag to cause errors to be mailed back;
          and the -oi flag to ignore dots in incoming messages. Systems
          administrators can choose to configure Pine to use a different
          mail transfer program or even sendmail with different flags.
          See the section on UNIX Pine Compile-time Options for more
          details on this.
          
          Pine can also operate as an SMTP client. SMTP stands for Simple
          Mail Transfer Protocol; it specifies the rules by which
          computers on the Internet pass email to one another. In this
          case, Pine passes outgoing email messages to a designated SMTP
          server instead of to a mail transfer program on the local
          machine. A program on the server then takes care of delivering
          the message. To make Pine operate as an SMTP client, the
          smtp-server variable must be set to the IP address or host name
          of the SMTP server within your organization. This variable
          accepts a comma separated list of servers, so you can specify
          multiple SMTP servers. PC-Pine only runs as an SMTP client.
          
   Pine 3.92 and later:
          The selection of which MTA to use depends on the settings of
          sendmail-path, smtp-server, and compile-time options. The first
          MTA specified in the following list is used:
          
         1. sendmail-path in /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed
         2. smtp-server in /usr/local/pine.conf.fixed
         3. sendmail-path specified on the command line.
         4. smtp-server specified on the command line.
         5. sendmail-path in the user's .pinerc file.
         6. smtp-server in the user's .pinerc file.
         7. sendmail-path in /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
         8. smtp-server in /usr/local/pine.conf
         9. DF_SENDMAIL_PATH defined at compile time.
        10. SENDMAIL and SENDMAILFLAGS defined at compile time.
            
          If the sendmail-path form is used, a child process is forked,
          and the specified command is executed with the message passed
          on standard input. Standard output is then passed back and
          displayed for the user. NOTE: The program MUST read the message
          to be posted on standard input, AND operate in the style of
          sendmail's "-t" option. 
          
          If an smtp-server is specified, a connection to the server is
          opened. If the message contains 8-bit text, ESMTP 8BITMIME
          negotiation is attempted. The message is then sent using SMTP
          commands.
          
          If none of the above are set, the default sendmail program is
          invoked with the "-bs -odb -oem" flags, ESMTP negotiation is
          attempted, and the message is sent.
          
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

   IMAP is a remote access protocol for message stores. Pine uses IMAP to
   get at messages and folders which reside on remote machines. With
   IMAP, all messages are kept on the server. An IMAP client (such as
   Pine) can request specific messages, headers, message structures, etc.
   The client can also issue commands which delete messages from folders
   on the server. IMAP's closest kin is POP, the Post Office Protocol,
   which works by transferring an entire mailbox to the client where all
   the mail is kept. For a comparison of IMAP and POP, see the paper
   "Comparing Two Approaches to Remote Mailbox Access: IMAP vs. POP" by
   Terry Gray. A more detailed exploration of message access may be found
   in the paper " Message Access Paradigms and Protocols." These papers
   may be found in the /mail directory of the anonymous FTP server at
   ftp.cac.washington.edu.
   
   IMAP Features:
     * Allows access to mail folders from more than one client computer.
     * Works well over low-bandwidth lines because information is sent in
       small pieces as needed by the user. For example, only header
       information is sent to build index lists, and if someone sends a
       2MB audio file via MIME, you can choose when (or if) you want to
       get that part of the message.
     * Email can be delivered and stored on a well-maintained and
       reliable server which is "always-up".
     * Folders can be accessed and manipulated from anywhere on the
       Internet.
     * Users can get to messages stored in different folders within the
       same Pine session.
     * Allows use of IMAP server for searching and parsing.
     * The latest revision of IMAP (IMAP4) also provides for disconnected
       operation, including resynchronization of message state between
       mail servers and message caches on clients. Pine does not yet
       support this capability, however.
       
   IMAP2 is defined in RFC 1176. IMAP4rev1, the revision to IMAP2, is
   described in RFC 2060. Further information about IMAP may be obtained
   from the University of Washington's IMAP Information Center on the
   World Wide Web.
   
   Pine 4.00 is an IMAP4rev1 client.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

   MIME is a way of encoding a multipart message structure into a
   standard Internet email message. The parts may be nested and may be of
   seven different types: Text, Audio, Image, Video, Message, Application
   and Multipart (nested). The MIME specification allows email programs
   such as Pine to reliably and simply exchange binary data (images,
   spreadsheets, etc.). MIME includes support for international character
   sets, tagging each part of a message with the character set it is
   written in, and providing 7-bit encoding of 8-bit character sets. It
   also provides a simple rich text format for marking text as bold,
   underlined, and so on. There is a mechanism for splitting messages
   into multiple parts and reassembling them at the receiving end.
   
   The MIME standard was officially published in June of 1992 as RFC 1341
   and subsequently revised in RFC 1521 when it became a full Internet
   Standard. Pine 3.0 was one of the first email programs to Implement
   MIME. Now, there are dozens of commercial and freely available
   MIME-capable email programs. In addition, MIME is being added to
   newsreaders so MIME messages can be posted and read in USENET
   newsgroups.
   
   The MIME standard also includes support for non-ASCII text in message
   headers through the extensions described in RFC 1342 and subsequently
   revised in RFC 1522. Support for RFC 1522 was added in Pine 3.92.
   
   An actual MIME message looks something like this:
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 15:39:35 -0800 (PST)
From: David L Miller <dlm@cac.washington.edu>
To: David L Miller <dlm@cac.washington.edu>
Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Test_MIME_message_with_RFC-1522_headers_=28=E1?=    =?i
so-8859-1?Q?=E2=E3=29?=
Message-Id: <Pine.ULT.3.92.960312150851.21583I-101000@shiva2.cac.washington.edu
>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: MULTIPART/MIXED; BOUNDARY="0-1737669234-826673975=:21583"
Content-Id: <Pine.ULT.3.92.960312153928.21583O@shiva2.cac.washington.edu>

  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text,
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.

--0-1737669234-826673975=:21583
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.92.960312153104.21583L@shiva2.cac.washington.edu>

The text of the message would go here. It is readable if
one doesn't mind wading around a little bit of the MIME
formatting. After this is a binary file in base 64
encoding.

|\ |  |\/|  David L. Miller    dlm@cac.washington.edu  (206) 685-6240
|/ |_ |  |  Software Engineer, Pine Development Team   (206) 685-4045 (FAX)
University of Washington, Networks & Distributed Computing, JE-20
4545 15th Ave NE, Seattle WA 98105, USA

--0-1737669234-826673975=:21583
Content-Type: APPLICATION/ZIP; NAME="test.zip"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64
Content-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.92.960312153638.21583N@shiva2.cac.washington.edu>
Content-Description: Test Attachment

UEsDBBQAAAAIAGh8bCBbZKT4ygIAAHgFAAAEAAAAdGVzdIVUX2vbMBB/16c4
9rSBNyjsYX1UHSUROLInycv2qNhKI5ZYxlLa5dvvpDRLw6CFgJF09/t3Rxo3
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--0-1737669234-826673975=:21583--

   For details about Pine's implementation of MIME, see the two MIME
   sections "MIME: Reading a Message" and "MIME: Sending a Message" later
   in this document.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Folder Collections

   Folder Collections are Pine's way of dealing with more than a single
   group of folders. With advent of PC-Pine and the development of tools
   within IMAP to better manage remote folders, the time was ripe to
   provide a mechanism for defining a group of remote folders. PC-Pine
   forced the issue in that many potential PC-Pine users would be
   migrating from UNIX Pine in a time-sharing environment and, thus,
   would have some investment in their archived messages on that host.
   
   For a more complete description of Folder Collections, see the section
   on "Syntax for Collections."
   
   The Pine distribution is designed to require as little configuration
   and effort at compile time as possible. Still, there are some Pine
   behaviors which are set at the time you compile Pine. For each of
   these, there is a reasonable (our opinion) default built into the
   code, so most systems administrators will have no need for these
   steps.

                           Building and Installation
                                       
Compile-time Options

   The files you may need to modify are ./{pico,pine}/makefile.xxx,
   ./{pico,pine}/osdep/os-xxx.h, and possibly
   ./{pico,pine}/osdep/os-xxx.ic, where xxx is the 3-letter code for your
   platform. You can give the command build help to see the list of ports
   incorporated into Pine and their associated 3-letter codes. The files
   ./{pico,pine}/makefile.xxx are where you would set compiler options.
   By default, Pine will be compiled with debugging on, optimization and
   profiling off. Note that if you compile with DEBUG off, then Pine will
   not create its normal debug files, no matter how the debug-level and
   debug command line flag are set.
   
   Some of these can only be set when you compile. Others, however, can
   be overridden by command-line flags to Pine or settings in Pine's user
   or system configuration files. Some of the options which can be set
   when compiling:
   
  Including LDAP Functionality
  
   In order to build Pine with LDAP functionality included you need to
   supply the LDAP library and include files. Pine has been successfully
   built with the University of Michigan LDAP library (ldap-3.3) and with
   the Netscape Directory SDK 1.0 LDAP library.
   
   To use the University of Michigan library, place a symlink called ldap
   to the University of Michigan LDAP source (ldap-3.3) in the top-level
   pine directory (where the Pine build script is located). See the
   comments in the script contrib/ldap-setup if you have trouble. It may
   also help to try running the build script in the top-level directory
   of the distribution once you have placed the ldap symlink. The script
   will attempt to give you a hint on how to make the ldap library based
   on the target you are building for Pine.
   
   To use the Netscape Directory SDK library, make a directory called
   ldap in the top-level pine directory (where the Pine build script is
   located). That directory should contain two subdirectories, include
   and libraries. The include directory is where you should put the
   include files from the Netscape SDK. The libraries directory is where
   you should put the library, libldap.a.
   
   The build script will run the script contrib/ldap-setup if you have
   created an ldap symlink or directory. It tries to figure out if the
   setup is the Univ. of Michigan code or not. If it is Univ. of Michigan
   ldap-3.3, then it will link against both libldap.a and liblber.a. If
   it isn't, it will link against only libldap.a.
   
  Including Kerberos 5 Functionality
  
   In order to build Pine with Kerberos functionality included you should
   place a symlink called krb5 to the directory where your Kerberos5
   include files and libraries are located. That is, krb5/include and
   krb5/lib should exist. Place the symlink in the top-level pine
   directory (where the Pine build script is located). See the comments
   in the script contrib/krb5-setup if you have trouble.
   
  Pine Compile-time Options
  
   USE_QUOTAS
          Determines whether quotas are checked on startup. Default is to
          not check the quota.
   ALLOW_CHANGING_FROM
          This is now a hidden runtime feature called allow-changing-from
          
   . Even with this feature turned on, users still have to include From
   in their default-composer-hdrs or customized-hdrs in order to be able
   to edit the From line.
   
   A system administrator may disallow editing of the From line by
   putting the feature no-allow-changing-from in the system-wide fixed
   configuration file. The paranoid system administrator can compile in
   this behavior by defining NEVER_ALLOW_CHANGING_FROM in
   ./pine/osdep/os-xxx.h.
   
   DEFAULT_DEBUG
   Sets the level of debugging output created in Pine's debug files.
   Default is level 2. The command-line flag -d may also be used to
   change the debug level. For example, -dverbose=7.
   
   NUMDEBUGFILES
   Sets the number of debug files kept per user. Default is 4. The
   command-line flag -d may also be used to change this. For example,
   -dverbose=3,numfiles=2.
   
   BACKGROUND_POST
   Define this if you want to allow users to turn on the feature that
   enables sending to take place in a fork()'d child. This may reduce the
   time on the user's wall clock it takes to post mail. NOTE: You'll also
   have to make sure the appropriate ./pine/osdep/postreap.* file is
   included in the ./pine/osdep/os-xxx.ic file for your system.
   
   NEW_MAIL_TIME
   Interval between new-mail checks. Default is 150 seconds. This is
   obsolete. This should be set in a configuration file by setting the
   variable mail-check-interval.
   
   OVERLAP
   Number of lines overlap when user views the next page of a message.
   Default is 2 lines. This is obsolete. This should be set in a
   configuration file by setting the variable viewer-overlap.
   
   SENDMAIL
   
   SENDMAILFLAGS
   Sets the name and flags for the local program that will be called to
   handle outgoing email. Default is /usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem -t. See
   the SMTP and Sendmail section for more details.
   
   SYSTEM_PINERC
   The name of the file which holds Pine configuration information for
   all users on the system. Default on UNIX systems is
   /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.
   
   SYSTEM_PINERC_FIXED
   The name of the file which holds the same type of information as for
   SYSTEM_PINERC, but only for variables that the administrator wants to
   keep fixed. That is, users are not allowed to change variables that
   are specified in the FIXED file. Default on UNIX systems is
   /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed.
   
   There are a couple of more obscure options which are in the source
   code because a few people have asked for them or because we changed
   our minds about them being a good idea in general.
   ENCODE_FROMS
          Use Quoted-printable encoding so that From's at the beginning
          of lines don't end up being escaped by >'s. Most people seem to
          dislike the Q-P encoding more than the > escapes so this is off
          by default. Once everyone has MIME mail readers, we'll turn
          this on by default.
   NO_KEYBOARD_LOCK
          Disable the keyboard locking function in the main menu.
          Keyboard locking is enabled by default. An easier way to turn
          off Keyboard locking is to add the feature
          disable-keyboard-lock-cmd to the feature list variable in the
          global pine.conf or pine.conf.fixed file.
          
  Pico Compile-time Options
  
   There is really only one option settable specifically for Pico. It is
   for the UNIX Pico versions only. The file that may need some changing
   is ./pico/osdep/os_xxx.h.. Whatever is set will effect the behavior of
   the Pico stand-alone program as well as the composer within Pine.
   SPELLER
          Names the program called to do "normal" spell-checking. This
          can be set in a configuration file instead by setting the
          speller variable.
          
  OS Dependent Compile-time Settings
  
   Most of Pine's (and Pico's) operating system dependent behaviors are
   set in the files ./pico/osdep/os-xxx.h and ./pico/osdep/os-xxx.ic. The
   flags in the makefiles are also system dependent. See the comments in
   ./pico/osdep/os-xxx.h for more details. One that may come up is:
   USE_TERMINFO
   USE_TERMCAP
          Instructs Pine to use the terminfo (or termcap) database.
          Default varies by system. This has been moved from
          ./pine/osdep/os-xxx.h to ./pico/osdep/os-xxx.h. If you change
          this you will also have to change the file
          ./pico/osdep/os-xxx.ic so that it includes the file term.inf
          instead of term.cap (or vice versa) and you will probably have
          to change the libraries included by the makefiles
          ./{pico,pine}/makefile-xxx. Hopefully, it is already set
          correctly for each system.
          
  IMAPd Compile-time Options
  
   There are no options or settings required for the version of IMAPd
   distributed with Pine. If you need to be doing more complex
   modifications to IMAP, then you should pick up the IMAP development
   package and work with that code. The developer's version of IMAP is
   available for anonymous ftp from ftp.cac.washington.edu in the
   directory mail. The file is called imap.tar.Z.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Building the Pine Programs

   You may have already compiled Pine and tried it out. If so, great! If
   not, you should be able to do it without too much trouble by following
   these step-by-step instructions:
   
    1. Figure out what platform you're building for. You can give the
       command build help or look at the list in ./doc/pine-ports to see
       the list of ports incorporated into Pine. What you need is the
       three letter code for the platform. Some examples are a41 for the
       AIX 4.1 operating system, os4 for Digital Unix 4.0, and lnx for
       Linux. There are sometimes several variants for a single operating
       system (different compilers, shadow passwords or not, etc.) so
       look through the whole list in ./doc/pine-ports for the one you
       want. If your platform is not in the list of ports, then you might
       have some work ahead of you. First, check the file doc/pine-ports
       to see if there are others working on a port for your platform or
       to see if the port is included in the "contrib" section of the
       source code. Ports in the contrib directory were contributed by
       Pine administrators from around the world, but the Pine
       development team has not been able to test the code. Some of these
       ports are very old and are based on old versions of Pine. If Pine
       has not yet been ported to your platform at all, read the section
       on Porting Pine in this document.
    2. Make sure you're in the root of the Pine source. When you type ls
       you should see the following files and directories (or something
       close to it):

        README  build   doc     makefile        pine
        bin     contrib imap    pico
    3. Make sure you're getting a clean start by giving the command build
       clean. This should take only a few seconds to run.
    4. Give the command build xxx where xxx is the three letter code you
       picked in step 1. The compiler should grind away for a few
       minutes.
    5. When the compilation is complete the sizes of the four binaries
       built (pine, mtest, imapd, pico) will be displayed. The actual
       binaries are in the various source directories. In addition, the
       bin directory contains a link to each program compiled. You can
       just copy them out of bin or try them from there.
       
   The build command can be given some options which it passes on to the
   subordinate makes. Some that may be useful are EXTRACFLAGS, OPTIMIZE,
   DEBUG, EXTRALIBES, and EXTRALDFLAGS. Build is more closely integrated
   with the Pico and Pine makefiles than it is with the c-client
   makefile, so you may find that some things don't work correctly there.
   
   Here are some examples of options you may want to pass to build. This
   will turn off the debugging files that Pine produces, while leaving
   the symbol table information. We believe a better way to do this is to
   have an alias for pine which executes pine -d0 instead. This turns off
   debugging at runtime while preserving the possibility of using the
   debugging if a problem turns up.

                DEBUG=-g

   To also leave out the symbol table information you could pass:
                DEBUG=

   It should be ok to move string constants into a read-only area. We
   don't think there are any instances where Pine modifies a string
   constant. So you could pass a flag to your compiler that tells it to
   do this. This could cause several hundred K of strings to be moved
   from the data area of the program into the text area of the program,
   and that should allow that text to be shared among all instances of
   Pine. To do this, for example, with the AIX a41 port, you could pass
   this to build:

                EXTRACFLAGS=-qro

     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Installing Pine and Pico on UNIX Platforms

   Installing Pine and Pico is remarkably simple. You take the program
   files which you have just transferred or built and you move them to
   the correct directory on your system. Most often the binaries go in
   /usr/local/bin though sometimes they are placed in /usr/bin. All the
   help text is compiled into Pine so there are no required auxiliary
   files.
   
   There are, however, three optional auxiliary files:
   /usr/local/lib/pine.info, /usr/local/lib/pine.conf, and
   /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed. The file pine.info contains text on
   how to get further help on the local system. It is part of the help
   text for the main menu and should probably refer to the local help
   desk or the system administrator. If this file doesn't exist a generic
   version which suggests ``talking to the computer support staff at your
   site'' is shown. The file pine.conf is used to set system-wide default
   configurations for Pine. The file pine.conf.fixed is also used to set
   system-wide default configurations for Pine. The difference between
   these two files is that configuration variables set in the
   pine.conf.fixed file may not normally be over-ridden by a user. See
   the section on Pine Configuration later in this document for details
   about the pine.conf and pine.conf.fixed files.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Installing PC-Pine

   Beginning with the Pine 3.90 release, there is a PC-Pine version that
   runs under windows using the Winsock network interface. For those who
   still need to run the DOS version of PC-Pine, there are versions for
   four different TCP/IP network stacks: FTP Inc's PC/TCP, Novell's LAN
   Workplace for DOS, Sun's PC/NFS, and WATTCP for packet drivers.
   PC-Pine needs to be able to interact closely with the stack loaded on
   your PC. Most of the time, this occurs automatically. However, there
   are certain modifications that need be made.
   
   LAN Workplace for DOS Version 4.1
          Set the environment variable EXCELAN in the PC's AUTOEXEC.BAT
          file. This provides the necessary links so that LAN Workplace
          for DOS 4.1 can translate domain names to IP numbers correctly.
          It is needed because Pine was developed for LAN Workplace 4.0
          and this particular variable is treated differently in 4.1 than
          in 4.0. The EXCELAN variable must point to the directory in
          which LAN Workplace is installed.
   PC/TCP versions before 2.2
          You need a file called PCTCP.INI which contains a bare-minimum
          2-line description of the PC's configuration. It looks like
          this:

                [pctcp ifcust 0]
                ip-address=xx.xx.xx.xx
          Where xx.xx.xx.xx is the IP address of the PC. Pine also
          requires an environment variable, PCTCP, which points to this
          file. For example:

                set PCTCP=C:\PINE\PCTCP.INI
   Packet Drivers
          Pine needs to be made aware of the PC's network configuration
          file. Simply edit the file WATTCP.CFG included in the Pine
          distribution. The file includes 5 configuration
          settings--IP-address, gateway, netmask, nameserver(s) and
          domainslist. If you have a network configuration file for NCSA
          Telnet then WATTCP.CFG is just a pared down version of the
          CONFIG.TEL file you already made. Take a look at CONFIG.TEL to
          find the correct settings for WATTCP.CFG. Once the
          configuration file is made, the DOS environment variable
          WATTCP.CFG needs to point at it. For example:

                set WATTCP.CFG=C:\PINE
          
   In addition to networking software issues, you might need to worry
   about setting the time zone. PC-Pine includes the time zone as part of
   outgoing email. There is a generic way for PC applications to get the
   time zone, but, because PC-Pine is one of a very few applications
   which requires this information, time zone might not be previously
   configured.
   
   The trick is to add an environment variable, TZ, to your PC's
   AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The format for the TZ environment variable is as
   follows:

        ZZZ[+H]H[:MM:SSTTT]

   First is the 3-letter code for your standard time, then a "+" or a "-"
   for direction of offset from GMT, then the amount of offset (hours,
   minutes, seconds) and finally the 3-letter code for your summer- or
   daylight savings time. Everything in [] brackets is optional.
   
   The default time zone is "PST-8PDT" (U.S. Pacific Time).
   Coincidentally, Microsoft is headquartered in that time zone.
   
   As an example, people in the Eastern part of the US should add this
   line to their AUTOEXEC.BAT files:
   
        TZ=EST-5EDT

     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Installing IMAPd

   When the Pine distribution is built on a UNIX station, the IMAP server
   binary, imapd, is compiled. Installing imapd requires placing the
   binary in the appropriate directory, usually /usr/etc, and adding
   entries to /etc/services and /etc/inetd.conf or their counterparts.
   The following line is appropriate for /etc/services:

  imap         143/tcp         # Mail transfer

   and the next line is appropriate for /etc/inetd.conf:
  imap  stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/etc/imapd imapd

   The /etc/inetd.conf file entry may vary on different versions of UNIX.
   Some have a slightly different set of fields. Also the pathname in
   /etc/inetd.conf must match the path where imapd is installed.
   
   With this configuration, the IMAP server runs without
   pre-authentication. Each new IMAP connection requires a correct
   username and password. IMAP can also be run with pre-authentication
   based on the standard rsh mechanism. To enable this, the user account
   on the IMAP server must contain a valid file which grants access to
   the client machine. Enabling rimap authentication is done by creating
   a link called /etc/rimapd to imapd. Basically, what is happening is
   that Pine is taking advantage of the ability that rsh has to use
   privileged TCP ports so it doesn't have to run in privileged mode. If
   the rimap authentication fails it will drop back to plain password
   authentication.
   
   PC-Pine cannot take advantage of rimap authentication. Also, if your
   system uses a distributed configuration database, like NIS, Yellow
   Pages or Netinfo, be sure that appropriate steps are taken to ensure
   the above mentioned information is updated.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Support Files and Environment Variables: UNIX Pine

   This section lists the various files which Pine uses which are not
   email folders. All of these are the default names of files, they may
   vary based on Pine's configuration.
   /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
          Pine's global configuration file.
   /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed
          Non-overridable global configuration file.
   /usr/local/lib/pine.info
          Local pointer to system administrator.
   ~/.pinerc
          Personal configuration file for each user.
   ~/.addressbook
          Personal addressbook
   ~/.addressbook.lu
          Personal address book lookup file (index file to speed up
          lookups).
   ~/.newsrc
          Personal USENET subscription list. This is shared with other
          newsreading programs.
   ~/.pine-debugX
          The files created for debugging Pine problems. By default,
          there are 4 .pine-debug files kept at any time.
   ~/.signature
          A signature file which will be included in all outgoing email
          messages.
   ~/.pine-interrupted-mail
          The text of a message which was interrupted by some unexpected
          error which Pine detected.
   ~/mail/postponed-msgs
          A folder of messages which the user chose to postpone.
   /etc/mailcap
          System-wide mail capabilities file. Only used if $MAILCAPS not
          set.
   ~/.mailcap
          Personal mail capabilities file. Combines with system-wide
          mailcap. Only used if $MAILCAPS not set.
          
   The location of the following support files may be controlled by
   variables in the personal or global Pine configuration file:
   signature, addressbook and its index file, postponed messages, and
   newsrc.
   
   Unix Pine uses the following environment variables:
   TERM
          Tells Pine what kind of terminal is being used.
   DISPLAY
          Determines if Pine will try to display IMAGE attachments.
   SHELL
          If not set, default is /bin/sh
   MAILCAPS
          A semicolon delimited list of path names to mailcap files.
          
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Support Files and Environment Variables: PC-Pine

   This section lists the various files which PC-Pine uses which are not
   normal mail folders. All of these are the default names of files, they
   may vary based on Pine's configuration.
   
   <PINE.EXE directory>\PINE.HLP
          File containing Pine's internal help text.
   <PINE.EXE directory>\PINE.NDX
          Index of Pine's help text used by PC-Pine to locate entries.
   $PINERC or $HOME\PINE\PINERC or <PINE.EXE dir>\PINERC
          Path to (required) personal configuration file.
   $PINECONF
          Path of optional global configuration file.
   <PINERC directory>\ADDRBOOK
          Personal addressbook
   <PINERC directory>\ADDRBOOK.LU
          Personal address book lookup file (index file to speed up
          lookups).
   <PINERC directory>\PINE.SIG
          A signature file which will be included in all outgoing email
          messages.
   <PINERC directory>\PINE.PWD
          A file containing encrypted password for remote mail server.
   <PINERC directory>\PINEDEBG.TXT
          Location of Pine debug file.
   <PINERC directory>\MAILCAP and/or <PINE.EXE dir>\MAILCAP
          These paths are only used if $MAILCAPS not set.
   $HOME\NEWSRC or <PINERC directory>\NEWSRC
          Personal USENET subscription list. This may be shared with
          other newsreading programs.
   $HOME\MAIL\INTRUPTD
          The text of a message which was interrupted by some unexpected
          error which Pine detected.
   $HOME\MAIL\POSTPOND
          A folder of messages which the user chose to postpone.
          
   PC-Pine's help text and help text index file are expected to reside in
   the same directory as the PINE.EXE executable, as they are essentially
   extensions of the executable. The personal configuration file may be
   in the same directory as the executable, or if that is inconvenient
   because the executable is on a shared or read-only drive, then it can
   be in a file named by the $PINERC environment variable, or in
   $HOME\PINE\PINERC, where if not set, $HOME defaults to the root of the
   current working drive.
   
   Most of the other support files key off of the location of the PINERC
   file. However, in the case of the NEWSRC file, the path $HOME\NEWSRC
   is checked first. Also, the postponed messages and interrupted message
   folders are placed in the default folder collection, normally in the
   directory $HOME\MAIL.
   
   The location of the following support files may be controlled by
   variables in the personal or global Pine configuration file:
   signature, addressbook (and its index file), postponed messages, and
   newsrc.
   
   PC-Pine uses the following environment variables:
   PINERC
          Overrides default path to pinerc file.
   PINECONF
          Optional path to global Pine config file.
   HOME
          If not set, Pine uses the root of the current drive, e.g. C:
   TMP or TEMP
          Specifies location of temporary storage area
   COMSPEC
          Specifies shell for external commands.
   MAILCAPS
          A semicolon delimited list of path names to mailcap files.

                            Command Line Arguments
                                       
Pine

   Pine and PC-Pine can accept quite a few command-line arguments. Many
   of these arguments overlap with variables in the Pine configuration
   file. If there is a difference, then a flag set in the command line
   takes precedence. Both Pine and PC-Pine expect command line arguments
   to be preceded by the "-" (dash) as normally used by UNIX programs.
   
   [address]
          Send-to: If you put an unqualified string (or strings) in the
          command line, Pine reads them as email addresses. Pine will
          startup in the composer with a message started to the
          person/people specified. Once the message is sent, the Pine
          session closes.
   &LT; file
          Pine will startup in the composer with file read into the body
          of the message. Once the message is sent, the Pine session
          closes.
   -a
          Special anonymous mode for UWIN*.
   -c n
          When used with the -f option, apply the nth context. This is
          used when there are multiple folder collections and you want to
          open a folder not in the primary collection.
   -conf
          Configuration: Prints a sample system configuration file to the
          screen or standard output. To generate an initial system
          configuration file, execute

                pine -conf > /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
          To generate a system configuration file using settings from an
          old system configuration file, execute

                pine -P old-pine.conf -conf > /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
   -create_lu addrbook sort-order
          Create auxiliary index (LookUp) file for addrbook and sort
          addrbook in sort-order, which may be dont-sort, nickname,
          fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, or
          fullname-with-lists-last. Only useful when creating global or
          shared address books. See Address Book Lookup File for more
          information, especially the warning about copying the address
          book after creating the lookup file.
   -d debug-level
          Debug Level: Sets the level of debugging information written by
          Pine. debug-level can be set to any integer 0-9. A debug level
          of 0 turns off debugging for the session. (Actually there are
          some levels higher than 9, now, but you probably don't want to
          see them.)
   -f folder
          Startup folder: Pine will open this folder in place of the
          standard INBOX.
   -F file
          Open named text file and view with Pine's browser.
   -h
          Help: Prints the list of available command-line arguments to
          the screen.
   -i
          Pine will start up in the FOLDER INDEX screen instead of the
          MAIN MENU.
          Configuration equivalent: initial-keystroke-list=i
   -I a,b,c,...
          Initial Keystrokes: Pine will execute this comma-separated
          sequence of commands upon startup. This allows users to get
          Pine to start in any of its menus/screens. You cannot include
          any input to the composer in the initial keystrokes. The key
          <Return> is represented by a ``CR'' in the keystroke list; the
          spacebar is designated by the letters ``SPACE''. Control keys
          are two character sequences beginning with ``^'', such as
          ``^I''. A tab character is ``TAB''. Function keys are ``F1'' -
          ``F12'' and the arrow keys are ``UP'', ``DOWN'', ``LEFT'', and
          ``RIGHT''. A restriction is that you can't mix function keys
          and character keys in this list even though you can, in some
          cases, mix them when running Pine. A user can always use only
          character keys in the startup list even if he or she is using
          function keys normally, or vice versa. If an element in this
          list is a string surrounded by double quotes (") then it will
          be expanded into the individual characters in the string,
          excluding the double quotes.
          Configuration equivalent: initial-keystroke-list
   -k
          Function-Key Mode: When invoked in this way, Pine expects the
          input of commands to be function-keys. Otherwise, commands are
          linked to the regular character keys. This option supported
          only in conjunction with UW Enhanced NCSA telnet.
          Configuration equivalent: use-function-keys included in
          feature-list.
   -n n
          Message-Number: When specified, Pine starts up in the FOLDER
          INDEX screen with the current message being the designated
          message number.
   -nr
          Special mode for UWIN*.
   -o folder
          Opens the INBOX (or a folder specified via the -f argument)
          ReadOnly.
   -p file
          Uses the named file as the personal configuration file instead
          of ~/.pinerc or the default PINERC search sequence PC-Pine
          uses.
   -P file
          Uses the named file as the system wide configuration file
          instead of /usr/local/lib/pine.conf. UNIX Pine only.
   -pinerc file
          Output fresh pinerc configuration to file, preserving the
          settings of variables that the user has made. Use file set to
          ``-'' to make output go to standard out.
   -r
          Restricted Mode: For UNIX Pine only. Pine in restricted mode
          can only send email to itself. Save and export are limited.
   -sort key
          Sort-Key: Specifies the order messages will be displayed in for
          the FOLDER INDEX screen. Key can have the following values:
          subject, arrival, date, from, size, orderedsubj,
          subject/reverse, arrival/reverse, date/reverse, from/reverse,
          size/reverse, orderedsubj/reverse. The default value is
          "arrival". The key value reverse is equivalent to
          arrival/reverse. This option will be expanded in the future to
          allow sorting on "to" and "cc".
          Configuration equivalent: sort-key.
   -z
          Enable Suspend: When run with this flag, the key sequence
          ctrl-z will suspend the Pine session.
          Configuration equivalent: enable-suspend included in
          feature-list.
   -option=value
          Assign value to the config option option. For example,
          -signature-file=sig1 or -feature-list=signature-at-bottom
          (Note: feature-list values are additive).
          
   * UWIN = University of Washington Information Navigator
   
Pico

   The following command line options are supported in Pico:
   
   +n
          Causes pico to be started with the cursor located n lines into
          the file. (Note: no space between "+" sign and number)
          
   -d
          Rebind the "delete" key so the character the cursor is on is
          rubbed out rather than the character to its left.
          
   -e
          Enable file name completion.
          
   -f
          Use function keys for commands. This option supported only in
          conjunction with UW Enhanced NCSA telnet.
          
   -g
          Enable "Show Cursor" mode in file browser. Cause cursor to be
          positioned before the current selection rather than placed at
          the lower left of the display.
          
   -k
          Causes "Cut Text" command to remove characters from the cursor
          position to the end of the line rather than remove the entire
          line.
          
   -m
          Enable mouse functionality. This only works when pico is run
          from within an X Window System "xterm" window.
          
   -nn
          The -nn option enables new mail notification. The n argument is
          optional, and specifies how often, in seconds, your mailbox is
          checked for new mail. For example, -n60 causes pico to check
          for new mail once every minute. The default interval is 180
          seconds, while the minimum allowed is 30. (Note: no space
          between "n" and the number)
          
   -o dir
          Sets operating directory. Only files within this directory are
          accessible. Likewise, the file browser is limited to the
          specified directory subtree.
          
   -rn
          Sets column used to limit the "Justify" command's right margin.
          
   -t
          Enable "tool" mode. Intended for when pico is used as the
          editor within other tools (e.g., Elm, Pnews). Pico will not
          prompt for save on exit, and will not rename the buffer during
          the "Write Out" command.
          
   -v
          View the file only, disallowing any editing.
          
   -w
          Disable word wrap (thus allow editing of long lines).
          
          Note: Pico will break any lines over 255 characters when
          reading a file, regardless of word wrapping.
          
   -x
          Disable keymenu at the bottom of the screen.
          
   -z
          Enable ^Z suspension of pico.
          
Pilot

   The following command line options are supported in Pilot:
   
   -a
          Display all files including those beginning with a period (.).
          
   -f
          Use function keys for commands. This option supported only in
          conjunction with UW Enhanced NCSA telnet.
          
   -g
          Enable "Show Cursor" mode. Cause cursor to be positioned before
          the current selection rather than placed at the lower left of
          the display.
          
   -m
          Enable mouse functionality. This only works when pilot is run
          from within an X Window System "xterm" window.
          
   -nn
          The -nn option enables new mail notification. The n argument is
          optional, and specifies how often, in seconds, your mailbox is
          checked for new mail. For example, -n60 causes pilot to check
          for new mail once every minute. The default interval is 180
          seconds, while the minimum allowed is 30. (Note: no space
          between "n" and the number)
          
   -o dir
          Sets operating directory. Only files within the specified
          directory are accessible and browsing is limited to the
          specified directory subtree.
          
   -v
          Enable single vertical column display.
          
   -x
          Disable keymenu at the bottom of the screen.
          
   -z
          Enable ^Z suspension of pilot.

                         Configuration and Preferences
                                       
Pine Configuration

   There is very little in Pine which requires compile-time
   configuration. In most cases, the compiled-in preferences will suit
   users and administrators just fine. When running Pine on a UNIX
   system, the default built-in configuration can be changed by setting
   variables in the system configuration files, /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
   or /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed. Both Pine and PC-Pine also use
   personal (user-based) configuration files. On UNIX machines, the
   personal configuration file is the file ~/.pinerc. For PC-Pine
   systems, the personal configuration file is in $PINERC or
   $HOME\PINE\PINERC or <PINE.EXE dir>\PINERC.
   
   The syntax of a non-list configuration variable is this:
   
     <variable> = <value>
     
   If the value is absent then the variable is unset. To set a variable
   to the empty value the syntax is "". This is equivalent to an absent
   value except that it overrides any system-wide value that may be set.
   Quotes may be used around any value. All values are strings and end at
   the end of the line or the closing quote. Leading and trailing space
   is ignored unless it is included in the quotes. There is one variable,
   use-only-domain-name, for which the only appropriate values are yes
   and no. That's because it is a variable from the early days of Pine
   before features existed.
   
   There is also a second type of variable, lists. A list is a
   comma-separated list of values. The syntax for a list is:
   
     <variable> = <value> [, <value> , ... ]
     
   A list can be continued on subsequent lines by beginning the line with
   white-space. Both the per-user and global configuration files may
   contain comments which are lines beginning with a #.
   
   For UNIX Pine, there are five ways in which a variable can be set. In
   decreasing order of precedence they are:
    1. the system-wide fixed configuration file
    2. a command line argument
    3. the personal configuration file (which is usually set from the
       Config screen)
    4. the system-wide configuration file
    5. default in the source code.
       
   So, system-wide fixed settings always take precedence over command
   line flags, which take precedence over per-user settings, which take
   precedence over system-wide configuration settings, which take
   precedence over source code defaults. PC-Pine has the same list,
   except that it does not use a system-wide fixed configuration file.
   
   You may get a sample/fresh copy of the system configuration file by
   running Pine -conf. The result will be printed on the standard output
   with short comments describing each variable. (The online help in the
   Setup screens provides longer comments.) If you need to fix some of
   the configuration variables, you would use the same template for the
   fixed configuration file as for the regular system-wide configuration
   file. (If it isn't clear, the purpose of the fixed configuration file
   is to allow system administrators to restrict the configurability of
   Pine. It is by no means a bullet-proof method.) Pine will
   automatically create the personal configuration file the first time it
   is run, so there is no need to generate a sample. Pine reads and
   writes the personal configuration file occasionally during normal
   operation. Users will not normally look at their personal
   configuration file, but will use the Setup screens from within Pine to
   set the values in this file. If a user does add additional comments to
   the personal configuration file they will be retained.
   
   References to environment variables may be included in the Pine
   configuration files. The format is $variable or ${variable}. The
   character ~ will be expanded to the $HOME environment variable.
   
   When environment variables are used for Pine settings which take
   lists, you must have an environment variable set for each member of
   the list. That is, Pine won't properly recognize an environment
   variable which is set equal to a comma-delimited list. It is OK to
   reference unset environment variables in the Pine configuration file,
   which will expand to nothing.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
General Configuration Variables

   The following is a list of all Pine configuration variables, in
   alphabetical order. Note that not all variables apply to all versions
   of Pine and that some variables are only applicable in a system
   configuration file and some are only applicable in a personal
   configuration file.
   
   addrbook-sort-rule
          This variable sets up the default address book sorting.
          Currently, Pine will accept the values dont-sort,
          fullname-with-lists-last, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last,
          and nickname. The default is to sort by fullname with lists
          last.
   address-book
          A list of personal address books. Each entry in the list is an
          optional nickname followed by a pathname or file name relative
          to the home directory. This list will be added to the
          global-address-book list to arrive at the complete set of
          address books.
   addressbook-formats
          This option specifies the format that address books are
          displayed in. By default, address books are displayed with the
          nicknames in the first column, the fullnames in the second
          column, and addresses in the third column. The system figures
          out reasonable defaults for the widths of the columns. An
          address book may be given a different format by listing special
          tokens in the order you want them to display. The possible
          tokens are NICKNAME, FULLNAME, ADDRESS, FCC, and COMMENT. More
          details are included in the online help for this variable.
   alt-addresses
          This option provides a place for you to list alternate email
          addresses you may have. If set, the option affects the behavior
          of the Reply command and the + symbol in the "Folder Index",
          which denotes that a message has been addressed specifically to
          you.
          With respect to Reply, the Reply to All option will exclude
          addresses listed here.
   bugs-additional-data
          System-wide configuration files only. Program/Script used by
          Report Bug command. Output from the program/script is captured
          and attached to the bug report.
   bugs-fullname, bugs-address, local-fullname, local-address,
          suggest-fullname, and suggest-address
          System-wide configuration files only. These are used by the bug
          report commands which can be accessed from some of the Help
          screens.
   character-set
          This sets the character set used by the terminal. Currently
          appropriate values are US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1 through ISO-8859-9
          and ISO-2022-JP. See the section on International Character
          Sets
          
   for more details. The default is US-ASCII.
   
   composer-wrap-column
   This option specifies an aspect of Pine's Composer. This gives the
   maximum width that auto-wrapped lines will have. It's also the maximum
   width of lines justified using the ^J Justify command. The normal
   default is 74. The largest allowed setting is normally 80 in order to
   prevent very long lines from being sent in outgoing mail. When the
   mail is actually sent, trailing spaces will be stripped off of each
   line.
   
   customized-hdrs
   Add these custom headers when composing. Also possible to add default
   values to these custom headers or to any of the standard headers. This
   is a list variable. Each entry in the list is a header name (the
   actual header name that will appear in the message) followed by an
   optional colon and value. For example, if a Reply-to header was needed
   because it was different from the From address, that could be
   accomplished with:
   
     customized-hdrs=Reply-to: fred_flintstone@bedrock.net
     
   Leaving the optional value out allows the user to fill it in when
   composing a message. If it isn't filled in, it won't be included in
   the message.
   
   default-composer-hdrs
   Show only these headers (by default) when composing a message. This
   list may include headers defined in the customized-hdrs list.
   
   default-fcc
   The name of the folder to which all outgoing mail goes is set here.
   The compiled-in default is sent-mail (UNIX) or sentmail (PC). It can
   be set to "" (two double quotes with nothing between them) to turn off
   saving copies of outgoing mail. If default-fcc is a relative file
   name, then it is relative to your default collection for saves (see
   folder-collections).
   
   default-saved-msg-folder
   This option determines the default folder name for Saves... If this is
   not a path name, it will be in the default collection for saves. Any
   valid folder specification, local or IMAP, is allowed. This default
   folder only applies when the saved-msg-name-rule doesn't override it.
   Unix Pine default is normally saved-messages in the default folder
   collection. PC-Pine default is SAVEMAIL (normally stored as
   SAVEMAIL.MTX).
   
   disable-these-drivers
   This variable is a list of mail drivers which will be disabled. The
   candidates for disabling are listed below. There may be more in the
   future if you compile Pine with a newer version of the c-client
   library.
   
     * mbox
     * mbx
     * mh
     * mmdf
     * mtx
     * mx
     * news
     * phile
     * tenex
     * unix
       
   The mbox driver enables the following behavior: if there is a file
   called mbox in your home directory, and if that file is either empty
   or in Unix mailbox format, then every time you open INBOX the mbox
   driver will automatically transfer mail from the system mail spool
   directory into the mbox file and delete it from the spool directory.
   If you disable the mbox driver, this will not happen.
   
   It is not recommended to disable the driver which supports the system
   default mailbox format. On most non-SCO systems, that driver is the
   unix driver. On most SCO systems, it is the mmdf driver. The system
   default driver may be configured to something else on your system;
   check with your system manager for additional information.
   
   It is most likely not very useful for you to disable any of the
   drivers other than possibly mbox. You could disable some of the others
   if you know for certain that you don't need them but the performance
   gain in doing so is very modest.
   
   display-filters
   This option defines a list of text-filtering commands (programs or
   scripts) that may be used to filter text portions of received messages
   prior to their use (e.g., presentation in the "Message Text" display
   screen). For security reasons, the full path name of the filter
   command must be specified. See the online help text for further
   details.
   
   download-command
   This option affects the behavior of the Export command. It specifies a
   Unix program name, and any necessary command line arguments, that Pine
   can use to transfer the exported message to your personal computer's
   disk.
   
   download-command-prefix
   This option is used in conjunction with the download-command option.
   It defines text to be written to the terminal emulator (via standard
   output) immediately prior to starting the download command. This is
   useful for integrated serial line file transfer agents that permit
   command passing (e.g., Kermit's APC method).
   
   editor
   UNIX Pine only. Sets the name of the alternate editor for composing
   mail (message text only, not headers). It will be invoked with the
   "^_" command or it will be invoked automatically if the
   enable-alternate-editor-implicitly feature is set.
   
   empty-header-message
   When sending, if all of the To, Cc, and Newsgroups fields are empty,
   Pine will put a special address in the To line. The default value is
   "Undisclosed recipients: ;". The reason for this is to avoid
   embarrassment caused by some Internet mail transfer software that
   interprets a "missing" To: header as an error and replaces it with an
   Apparently-to: header that may contain the addresses you entered on
   the Bcc: line, defeating the purpose of the Bcc. You may change the
   part of this message that comes before the ": ;" by setting the
   empty-header-message variable to something else.
   
   fcc-name-rule
   Determines default folder name for fcc when composing. Currently, Pine
   will accept the values default-fcc, by-recipient, or last-fcc-used. If
   set to default-fcc, then Pine will use the value defined in the
   default-fcc variable (which itself has a default) for the Fcc header
   field. If set to by-recipient, then Pine will use the name of the
   recipient as a folder name for the fcc. The relevant recipient is the
   first address in the To field. If set to "last-fcc-used", then Pine
   will offer to Fcc to whatever folder you used previously. In all
   cases, the field can still be edited after it is initially assigned.
   If the fcc field in the address book is set for the first To address,
   that value over-rides any value derived from this rule.
   
   feature-list
   This is a list of the many features (options) which may be turned on
   or off. There is a separate section titled Configuration Features
   which explains each of the features. There is some additional
   explanation about the feature-list variable itself in Feature List
   Variable.
   
   folder-collections
   This is a list of one or more collections where saved mail is stored.
   See the sections describing folder collections and collection syntax
   for more information. The first collection in this list is the default
   collection for Saves, including default-fcc's.
   
   folder-extension
   PC-Pine only. File extension used for local folder names. This is .MTX
   by default.
   
   font-name
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   font-size
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   font-style
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   forced-abook-entry
   System-wide Pine configuration files only. Force these address book
   entries into all writable personal address books. This is a list
   variable. Each item in the list has the form:
   
     Nickname | Fullname | Address
     
   with optional whitespace in all the obvious places.
   
   global-address-book
   A list of shared address books. Each entry in the list is an optional
   nickname followed by a pathname or file name relative to the home
   directory. This list will be added to the address-book list to arrive
   at the complete set of address books. Global address books are defined
   to be ReadOnly.
   
   goto-default-rule
   This value affects Pine's behavior when using the Goto command. There
   are three possible values for this option:
   
   inbox-or-folder-in-recent-collection
          If the current folder is INBOX, Pine will offer the last open
          folder as the default. If the current folder is other than
          INBOX, INBOX is offered as the default.
          
   inbox-or-folder-in-first-collection
          The second accepted value is a variation on the default which
          again offers INBOX if it isn't currently open, but otherwise
          offers the most recently visited folder in the first collection
          found in the "Folder List" screen.
          
   most-recent-folder
          The last accepted value simply causes the most recently opened
          folder to be offered as the default regardless of the currently
          opened folder.
          
   NOTE: The default while a newsgroup is open remains the same; the last
   open newsgroup.
   
   image-viewer
   This variable names the program to call for displaying parts of a MIME
   message that are of type IMAGE. If your system supports the mailcap
   system, you don't need to set this variable.
   
   inbox-path
   This specifies the name of the folder to use for the INBOX. By default
   this is unset and the system's default is used. The most common reason
   for setting this is to open an IMAP mailbox for the INBOX. For
   example, {imap5.u.example.edu}inbox will open the user's standard
   INBOX on the mail server, imap5.
   
   incoming-archive-folders
   This is like read-message-folder, only more general. This is a list of
   folder pairs, with the first separated from the second in the pair by
   a space. The first folder in a pair is the folder you want to archive,
   and the second folder is the folder that read messages from the first
   should be moved to. Depending on how you define the
   auto-move-read-messages" feature, you may or may not be asked when you
   leave the first folder if you want read messages to be moved to the
   second folder. In either case, moving the messages means they will be
   deleted from the first folder.
   
   If these are not path names, they will be in the default collection
   for Saves. Any valid folder specification, local or remote (via IMAP),
   is allowed. There is no default.
   
   incoming-folders
   This is a list of one or more folders other than INBOX that may
   receive new messages. This list is slightly special in that it is
   always expanded in the folder lister. In the future, it may become
   more special. For example, it would be nice if Pine would monitor the
   folders in this list for new mail.
   
   incoming-startup-rule
   This rule affects Pine's behavior when opening the INBOX or another
   folder from the "INCOMING MESSAGE FOLDERS". This rule tells Pine which
   message to make the current message when an incoming folder is opened.
   There are three possible values for this option:
   
   first-unseen
          The current message will be the first unseen message which has
          not been marked deleted, or the last message if all of the
          messages have been seen. This is the default setting.
          
   first-recent
          This is similar to first-unseen. Instead of first unseen it is
          the first recent message. A message is considered to be recent
          if it arrived since the last time the folder was open (by any
          mail client, not just the current one). So this option causes
          the current message to be set to the first undeleted-recent
          message, or the last message if none is both undeleted and
          recent.
          
   first
          Set the current message to the first undeleted message unless
          all are deleted. In that case set it to the last message.
          
   last
          Set the current message to the last undeleted message unless
          all are deleted. In that case set it to the last message.
          
   index-format
   This option specifies the format that folder indexes are displayed in.
   Normally, the system figures out reasonable defaults for the widths of
   the columns of the index display. A non-standard display format can be
   used by listing special tokens in the order you want them to display.
   The tokens are STATUS, FULLSTATUS, MSGNO, DATE, SIZE, DESCRIPSIZE,
   SUBJECT, FROMORTO, FROM, and TO. The tokens are separated by spaces.
   Each of the tokens may also be optionally followed by parentheses with
   either a number or a percentage inside the parentheses.
   
   initial-keystroke-list
   This is a comma-separated list of keystrokes which Pine executes on
   startup. Items in the list are usually just characters, but there are
   some special values. SPACE, TAB, and CR mean a space character, tab
   character, and a carriage return, respectively. F1 through F12 stand
   for the twelve function keys. UP, DOWN, LEFT, and RIGHT stand for the
   arrow keys. Control characters are represented with ^<char>. A
   restriction is that you can't mix function keys and character keys in
   this list even though you can, in some cases, mix them when running
   Pine. A user can always use only character keys in the startup list
   even if he or she is using function keys normally, or vice versa. If
   an element in this list is a string surrounded by double quotes (")
   then it will be expanded into the individual characters in the string,
   excluding the double quotes.
   
   kblock-passwd-count
   System-wide Pine configuration files only. Number of times a user will
   have to enter a password when they run the keyboard lock command in
   the main menu.
   
   last-time-prune-questioned
   Personal configuration file only. This variable records the month the
   user was last asked if his or her sent-mail folders should be pruned.
   The format is yy.mm. This is automatically updated by Pine when the
   the pruning is done or declined. If a user wanted to make Pine stop
   asking this question he or she could set this time to something far in
   the future. This may not be set in the system-wide configuration
   files. Note: The yy year is actually the number of years since 1900,
   so it will be equal to 101 in the year 2001.
   
   last-version-used
   Personal configuration file only. This is set automatically by Pine.
   It is used to keep track of the last version of Pine that was run by
   the user. Whenever the version number increases, a new version message
   is printed out. This may not be set in the system-wide configuration
   files.
   
   ldap-servers
   This is only available if Pine was linked with an LDAP library when it
   was compiled. This variable is normally managed by Pine though it can
   be set in the system-wide configuration files as well as the personal
   configuration. It is a list variable. Each item in the list contains
   quite a bit of extra information besides just the server name. To put
   this into a system-wide config file the easiest thing to do is to
   configure a personal Pine for the LDAP server then copy the
   configuration line into the system-wide config file. Each item in the
   list looks like:
   
     server_name[:port] "quoted stuff"
     
   The server_name is just a hostname and it is followed by an optional
   colon and port number. The default port is 389. Following the server
   name is a single SPACE character followed by a bunch of characters
   inside double quotes. The part inside the quotes is a set of tag =
   value pairs. Each tag is preceded by a slash (/) and followed by an
   equal sign. The value for that tag is the text up to the next slash.
   An example of some quoted stuff is:
   
     "/base=o=University of Washington, c=US/impl=0/.../nick=My Server"
     
   This would set the search base for this server to o=University of
   Washington, c=US, set the implicit bit to zero, and set the nickname
   for the server to My Server. All of the tags correspond directly to
   items in the Setup/Directory screen so experiment with that if you
   want to see what the possible tags and values are.
   
   mail-check-interval
   This option specifies, in seconds, how often Pine will check for new
   mail. If set to zero, new-mail checking is disabled. There is a
   minimum value, normally 15 seconds. A side effect of disabling mail
   checking is that there will be situations in which the user's IMAP
   connection will be broken due to inactivity timers on the server.
   Another side effect is that the user-input-timeout option won't work.
   
   mail-directory
   This variable was more important in previous versions of Pine. Now it
   is used only as the default for storing personal folders (and only if
   there are no folder-collections defined). The default value is ~/mail
   on UNIX and $HOME\MAIL on a PC.
   
   mailcap-search-path
   This variable is used to replace Pine's default mailcap file search
   path. It takes one or more file names (full paths must be specified)
   in which to look for mail capability data.
   
   mimetype-search-path
   This variable is used to replace Pine's default mime.types file search
   path. It takes one or more file names (full paths must be specified)
   in which to look for file-name-extension to MIME type mapping data.
   See the Config Notes for details on Pine's usage of the MIME.Types
   File.
   
   new-version-threshold
   When a new version of Pine is run for the first time it offers a
   special explanatory screen to the user upon startup. This option helps
   control when and if that special screen appears for users that have
   previously run Pine. It takes as its value a Pine version number. Pine
   versions less than the specified value will supress this special
   screen while versions equal to or greater than that specified will
   behave normally.
   
   news-active-file-path
   This option tells Pine where to look for the "active file" for
   newsgroups when accessing news locally, rather than via NNTP. The
   default path is usually /usr/lib/news/active.
   
   news-collections
   This is a list of collections where news folders are located. See the
   section describing collections for more information.
   
   news-spool-directory
   This option tells Pine where to look for the "news spool" for
   newsgroups when accessing news locally, rather than via NNTP. The
   default path is usually /usr/spool/news.
   
   newsrc-path
   This option overrides the default name Pine uses for your "newsrc"
   news status and subscription file. If set, Pine will take this value
   as the full pathname for the desired newsrc file.
   
   nntp-server
   One or more NNTP servers (host name or IP address) which Pine will use
   for reading and sending news. If you read and post news to and from a
   single NNTP server, you can get away with only setting the nntp-server
   variable and leaving the news-collections variable unset.
   
   normal-background-color
   PC-Pine only. Currently, Pine will accept the colors black, blue,
   green, cyan, red, magenta, yellow, or white.
   
   normal-foreground-color
   PC-Pine only. See normal-background-color for possible colors.
   
   operating-dir
   System-wide Pine configuration files only. This names the root of the
   tree to which the user is restricted when reading and writing folders
   and files. It is usually used in the fixed configuration file.
   
   personal-name
   Personal configuration file only. User's full personal name. On UNIX
   systems, the default is taken from the accounts data base
   (/etc/passwd).
   
   personal-print-category
   Personal configuration file only. This is the category that the
   default print command belongs to. There are three categories. Category
   1 is an attached printer which uses the ANSI escape sequence, category
   2 is the standard system print command, and category 3 is the set of
   custom printer commands defined by the user. This just helps Pine
   figure out where to put the cursor when the user runs the
   Setup/Printer command. This is not used by PC-Pine.
   
   personal-print-command
   Personal configuration file only. This corresponds to the third
   category in the printer menu, the personally selected print commands.
   This variable contains the list of custom commands that the user has
   entered in the Setup/Printer screen. This is not used by PC-Pine.
   
   postponed-folder
   The folder where postponed messages are stored. The default is
   postponed-msgs (Unix) or POSTPOND (PC).
   
   print-font-name
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   print-font-size
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   print-font-style
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only.
   
   printer
   Personal configuration file only. This is the current setting for a
   user's printer. This variable is set from Pine's Setup/Printer screen.
   
   pruned-folders
   This variable allows you to define a list of one or more folders that
   Pine will offer to prune for you in the same way it automatically
   offers to prune your sent-mail folder each month. That is, once a
   month for each folder listed, Pine will offer to move the contents of
   the folder to a new folder of the same name but with the previous
   month's date appended. Pine will then look for any such date-appended
   folder names created for a previous month, and offer each one it finds
   for deletion. If you decline the first offer, no mail is moved and no
   new folder is created. Folders listed are assumed to exist, and the
   archive folders will be created, in the first collection defined by
   the folder-collections variable.
   
   read-message-folder
   If set, mail in the INBOX that has been read but not deleted is moved
   here, or rather, the user is asked whether or not he or she wants to
   move it here upon quitting Pine.
   
   remote-abook-history
   Sets how many extra copies of remote address book data will be kept in
   each remote address book folder. The default is three. These extra
   copies are simply old versions of the data. Each time a change is made
   a new copy of the address book data is appended to the folder. Old
   copies are trimmed, if possible, when Pine exits. An old copy can be
   put back into use by deleting and expunging newer versions of the data
   from the folder. Don't delete the first message from the folder. It is
   a special header message for the remote address book and it must be
   there. This is to prevent regular folders from being used as remote
   address book folders and having their data destroyed.
   
   remote-abook-metafile
   Personal configuration file only. This is usually set by Pine and is
   the name of a file that contains data about remote address books.
   
   reply-indent-string
   This variable specifies an aspect of Pine's Reply command. When a
   message is replied to and the text of the message is included, that
   text usually has the string "> " prepended to each line to indicate
   quoting.
   
   This variable specifies a different value for that string. If you wish
   to use a string which begins or ends with a space, enclose the string
   in double quotes.
   
   You can also include the sender's name in the prepended string. The
   first occurrence of "_FROM_" in the reply-indent-string will be
   replaced with the "username" portion (part before the @) of the
   address being replied to.
   
   The normal default is "> ".
   
   reverse-background-color
   PC-Pine only. See normal-background-color for possible colors.
   
   reverse-foreground-color
   PC-Pine only. See normal-background-color for possible colors.
   
   rsh-command
   Sets the format of the command used to open a UNIX remote shell
   connection. The default is "%s %s -l %s exec /etc/r%sd". All four "%s"
   entries MUST exist in the provided command. The first is for the
   command's pathname, the second is for the host to connnect to, the
   third is for the user to connect as, and the fourth is for the
   connection method (typically imap).
   
   rsh-open-timeout
   Sets the time in seconds that Pine will attempt to open a UNIX remote
   shell connection. The default is 15, the minimum non-zero value is 5,
   and the maximum is unlimited. If this is set to zero rsh connections
   will be completely disabled.
   
   rsh-path
   Sets the name of the command used to open a UNIX remote shell
   connection. The default is tyically /usr/ucb/rsh.
   
   saved-msg-name-rule
   Determines default folder name when Saving. If set to default-folder
   (which is the default setting), then Pine will offer the folder
   "saved-messages" (UNIX) or "SAVEMAIL" (PC) for Saving messages. The
   default folder offered in this way may be changed by using the
   configuration variable default-saved-msg-folder. If this rule is set
   to last-folder-used, Pine offers to Save to the folder you last
   successfully Saved a message to (this session). The first time you
   Save a message in a session, Pine offers to Save the message to the
   default folder.
   
   Choosing any of the by- options causes Pine to attempt to get the
   chosen option's value for the message being Saved. For example, if
   by-from is chosen, Pine attempts to get the value of who the message
   came from (i.e. the from address). Pine then attempts to Save the
   message to a folder matching that value. If by-from is chosen and no
   value is obtained, Pine uses by-sender. The opposite is also true. If
   by-recipient was chosen and the message was posted to a newsgroup,
   Pine will use the newsgroup name.
   
   If any of the by-nick- options are chosen, the resulting address is
   looked up in the user's address books and if found, the nickname for
   that entry is used. Similarly, if any of the by-fcc- options are
   chosen, the fcc from the corresponding address book entry is used. If
   no value is found in the address book, then if the chosen option ends
   with the "-then-from", "-then-sender", or "-then-recip" suffix, Pine
   reverts to the same behavior as by-from, by-sender or by-recipient
   depending on which option was specified. If the chosen option doesn't
   end with one of the "then-" suffixes, then Pine reverts to the default
   folder when no match is found in the address book.
   
   scroll-margin
   This option controls when Pine's line-by-line scrolling occurs.
   Typically, when a selected item is at the top or bottom screen edge
   and the UP or DOWN (and Ctrl-P or Ctrl-N) keys are pressed, the
   displayed items are scrolled down or up by a single line.
   
   This option allows you to tell Pine the number of lines from the top
   and bottom screen edge that line-by-line scrolling should occur. For
   example, setting this value to one (1) will cause Pine to scroll the
   display when you move to select an item on the display's top or bottom
   edge (instead of moving when you move off the edge of the screen).
   
   By default, this variable is zero (0), indicating that scrolling
   happens when you move up or down to select an item immediately off the
   display's top or bottom edge.
   
   sending-filters
   This option defines a list of text-filtering commands (programs and
   scripts) that may be selectively invoked to process a message just
   before it is sent. If set, the Composer's ^X Send command will allow
   you to select which filter (or none) to apply to the message before it
   is sent. For security reasons, the full path of the filter program
   must be specified. See the online help text for further details.
   
   sendmail-path
   This names the path to an alternative program, and any necessary
   arguments, to be used in posting mail messages. See the section on
   SMTP and Sendmail for more details.
   
   signature-file
   Names the file to be included as the signature. This defaults to
   ~/.signature on UNIX and <PINERC directory>\PINE.SIG on a PC.
   
   smtp-server
   One or more SMTP servers (host name or IP address) which Pine will use
   for outgoing mail. If not set, Pine passes outgoing email to the
   sendmail program on the local machine. PC-Pine users must have this
   variable set in order to send mail as they have no sendmail program.
   An alternate port may be specified by appending :port to the host name
   or IP address. See the SMTP Servers section for details.
   
   sort-key
   This variable sets up the default Message Index sorting. The default
   is to sort by arrival order (the order the messages arrived in the
   folder). It has the same functionality as the -sort command line
   argument and the $ command in the "Folder Index". If a sort-key is
   set, then all folders open during the session will have that as the
   default sort order.
   
   speller
   This option affects the behavior of the ^T (spell check) command in
   the Composer. It specifies the program invoked by ^T in the Composer.
   By default, Pine uses the system's "spell" command. Pine will use the
   command defined by this option (if any) instead. When invoking the
   spell-checking program, Pine appends a tempfile name (where the
   message is passed) to the command line.
   
   standard-printer
   System-wide configuration file only. Specifies a list of commands for
   category 2 of the Setup/Printer screen, the standard print command
   section. This is not used by PC-Pine.
   
   status-message-delay
   If this is set to a positive number, it causes the cursor to move to
   the status line whenever a status message is printed and pause there
   for this many seconds. It will probably only be useful if the
   show-cursor feature is also turned on. Most users should leave this
   set to the default value of zero since its only effect is to slow
   things down.
   
   tcp-open-timeout
   Sets the time in seconds that Pine will attempt to open a network
   connection. The default is 30, the minimum is 5, and the maximum is
   system defined (typically 75). If a connection has not completed
   within this many seconds Pine will give up and consider it a failed
   connection.
   
   upload-command
   This option affects the behavior of the Composer's ^R (Read File) and
   ^J (Attach File, in the header) commands. It specifies a Unix program
   name, and any necessary command line arguments, that Pine can use to
   transfer files from your personal computer into messages that you are
   composing.
   
   upload-command-prefix
   This option is used in conjunction with the upload-command option. It
   defines text to be written to the terminal emulator (via standard
   output) immediately prior to starting the upload command. This is
   useful for integrated serial line file transfer agents that permit
   command passing (e.g., Kermit's APC method).
   
   url-viewers
   List of programs to use to open Internet URLs. This value affects
   Pine's handling of URLs that are found in the text of messages you
   read. Normally, only URLs Pine can handle directly are automatically
   offered for selection in the "Message Text" screen. When one or more
   comma delimited Web browsers capable of deciphering URLs on their
   command line are added here, Pine will choose the first available
   browser to display URLs it doesn't recognize.
   
   Additionally, to support various connection methods and browsers, each
   entry in this list can begin with the special token
   _TEST(test-string)_. The test-string is a shell command that Pine will
   run and which must exit with a status of zero for Pine to consider
   that browser for use (the other criteria is that the browser must
   exist as a full path or a path relative to your home directory).
   
   Now for an example:
   
     url-viewers=_TEST("test -n '${DISPLAY}'")_ /usr/local/bin/netscape,
     /usr/local/bin/lynx, C:\BIN\NETSCAPE.BAT
     
   This example shows that for the first browser in the list to be used
   the environment variable DISPLAY must be defined. If it is, then the
   file /usr/local/bin/netscape must exist. If either condition is not
   met, then the file /usr/local/bin/lynx must exist. If it doesn't, then
   the final path and file must exist. Note that the last entry is a
   DOS/Windows path. This is one way to support Pine running on more than
   one architecture with the same configuration file.
   
   use-only-domain-name
   Can be set to yes or no. Anything but yes means no. If set to yes the
   first label in the host name will be lopped off to get the domain name
   and the domain name will be used for outgoing mail and such. That is,
   if the host name is carson.u.example.edu and this variable is set to
   yes, then u.example.edu will be used on outgoing mail. Only meaningful
   if user-domain is NOT set.
   
   user-domain
   Sets the domain or host name for the user, overriding the system host
   or domain name. See the domain name section.
   
   user-id
   PC-Pine only and personal configuration file only. Sets the username
   that is placed on all outgoing messages. The username is the part of
   the address that comes before the "@".
   
   user-input-timeout
   If this is set to an integer greater than zero, then this is the
   number of hours to wait for user input before Pine times out. If Pine
   is in the midst of composing a message or is waiting for user response
   to a question, then it will not timeout. However, if Pine is sitting
   idle waiting for the user to tell it what to do next and the user does
   not give any input for this many hours, Pine will exit. No expunging
   or moving of read messages will take place. It will exit similarly to
   the way it would exit if it received a hangup signal. This may be
   useful for cleaning up unused Pine sessions which have been forgotten
   by their owners. The Pine developers envision system administrators
   setting this to a value of several hours (24?) so that it won't
   surprise a user who didn't want to be disconnected.
   
   viewer-hdrs
   You may change the default list of headers that are viewed by listing
   the headers you want to view here. If the headers in your viewer-hdrs
   list are present in the message, then they will be shown. The order of
   the headers you list will also be honored. If the special value
   all-except is included as the first header in the viewer-hdrs list,
   then all headers in the message except those in the list will be
   shown. The values are all case insensitive.
   
   viewer-overlap
   This option specifies an aspect of Pine's Message Viewing screen. When
   the space bar is used to page forward in a message, the number of
   lines specified by the viewer-overlap variable will be repeated from
   the bottom of the screen. That is, if this was set to two lines, then
   the bottom two lines of the screen would be repeated on the top of the
   next screen. The normal default value is "2".
   
   window-position
   Winsock version of PC-Pine only. Window position in the format:
   CxR+X+Yn Where C and R are the window size in characters and X and Y
   are the screen position of the top left corner of the window.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Configuration Features

   There are several features (options) which may be turned off or on.
   The configuration variable feature-list is a list of all the features
   that are turned on or off. Listing the name of a feature in the list
   will turn it on. Listing the name of a feature with the characters no-
   prepended will turn the feature off. This is useful for overriding
   system-wide defaults. This is because, unlike all the other variables,
   the feature-list is additive. That is, first the system-wide
   feature-list is read and then the user's feature-list is read. This
   makes it possible for the system manager to turn some of the features
   on by default while still allowing the user to cancel that default.
   For example, if the system manager has turned on the allow-talk
   feature by default then a user may turn it back off by including the
   feature no-allow-talk in his or her personal configuration file. Of
   course, these details are usually handled by Pine when the user turns
   an option on or off from inside the Setup/Config screen.
   
   System managers should take some care when turning on features by
   default. Some of the documentation assumes that all of the features
   are off by default, so it could be confusing for a user if some are on
   by default instead.
   
   Here is the current list of possible features.
   allow-changing-from
          Prior to Pine 4.00 there was a compile-time option called
          ALLOW_CHANGING_FROM. That has been replaced by a runtime
          feature. If this feature is turned on then the From line can be
          changed just like all the other header fields that can be
          changed. See the configuration variables customized-hdrs and
          default-composer-hdrs for more information on editing headers.
   allow-talk
          Unix Pine only. By default, permission for others to talk to
          your terminal is turned off when you are running Pine. When
          this feature is set, permission is instead turned on.
          Note: The talk program has nothing to do with Pine or email.
          The talk daemon on your system will attempt to print a message
          on your screen when someone else is trying to contact you. If
          you wish to see these messages while you are running Pine, you
          should enable this feature.
          If you do enable this feature and see a talk message, you must
          suspend or quit Pine before you can respond.
   assume-slow-link
          This feature affects Pine's display routines. If set, the
          normal inverse-video cursor (used to highlight the current item
          in a list) will be replaced by an arrow cursor and other screen
          update optimizations for low-speed links (e.g. 2400 bps dialup
          connections) will be activated. This might be useful if you
          know you have a slow speed link but for some reason Pine
          doesn't know.
   auto-move-read-messages
          This feature controls an aspect of Pine's behavior upon
          quitting. If set, and the read-message-folder variable is also
          set, then Pine will automatically transfer all read messages
          from the INBOX to the designated folder and mark them as
          deleted in the INBOX. Messages in the INBOX marked with an N
          (meaning New, or unseen) are not affected.
   auto-open-next-unread
          This feature controls the behavior of the TAB key when
          traversing folders in the optional incoming-folders collection
          or in optional news-collections.
          When the TAB (Next New) key is pressed, and there are no more
          unseen messages in the current (incoming message or news)
          folder, Pine will search the list of folders in the current
          collection for one containing New or Recent (new since the last
          time the folder was opened) messages. By default, when such a
          folder is found, Pine will ask whether you wish to open the
          folder. If this feature is set, Pine will automatically open
          the folder without prompting.
   auto-unzoom-after-apply
          If set, and if you are currently looking at a Zoomed Index view
          of selected messages, the Apply command will do the operation
          you specify, but then will implicitly do an UnZoom, so that you
          will automatically be back in the normal Index view after the
          Apply.
   auto-zoom-after-select
          If set, the ; select command will automatically perform a Zoom
          after the select is complete.
   compose-cut-from-cursor
          If set, the ^K command in the composer will cut from the
          current cursor position to the end of the line, rather than
          cutting the entire line.
   compose-maps-delete-key-to-ctrl-d
          If set, Delete will be equivalent to ^D, and delete the current
          character. Normally Pine defines the Delete key to be
          equivalent to ^H, which deletes the previous character.
   compose-rejects-unqualified-addrs
          If set, unqualified names entered as addresses will be treated
          as errors unless they match an addressbook nickname or are
          looked up successfully on an LDAP server. Pine will not attempt
          to turn them into complete addresses by adding your local
          domain (which Pine normally does by default).
          A complete (fully-qualified) address is one containing a
          username followed by an @ symbol, followed by a host or domain
          name (e.g. jsmith@nowhere.edu). An unqualified name is one
          without the @ symbol and host or domain name (e.g. jsmith).
   compose-send-offers-first-filter
          If you have sending-filters configured, setting this feature
          will cause the first filter in the sending-filters list to be
          offered as the default instead of unfiltered, the usual
          default.
   compose-sets-newsgroup-without-confirm
          If you enter the composer while reading a news group, you will
          normally be prompted to determine whether you intend the new
          message to be posted to the current newsgroup or not. If this
          feature is set, Pine will not prompt you in this situation, and
          will assume that you do indeed wish to post to the newsgroup
          you are reading.
   delete-skips-deleted
          If set, this feature will cause the Delete command to advance
          past other messages that are marked deleted. In other words,
          pressing D will both mark the current message deleted and
          advance to the next message that is not marked deleted.
   disable-busy-alarm
          If set, the spinning bar that sometimes appears in the status
          line will not appear when Pine is busy. This might be useful if
          it is suspected that the alarm(2) system calls that Pine uses
          to implement the busy spinner are suspected of causing a
          problem.
   disable-config-cmd
          If set, the configuration screen Setup/Config will not be
          available at all.
   disable-keyboard-lock-cmd
          In the Main Pine menu there is a Keyboard locking command
          (KBLock). If this feature is set, that command won't be
          available to the user.
   disable-keymenu
          If set, the command key menu that normally appears on the
          bottom two lines of the screen will not usually be there.
          Asking for help with ^G or ? will cause the key menu to appear
          instead of causing the help message to come up. If you want to
          actually see the help text, another ^G or ? will show it to
          you. After the key menu has popped up with the help key it will
          remain there for an O Other command but will disappear if any
          other command is typed.
   disable-password-cmd
          If set the Newpassword command usually available under the
          Setup command will not be available.
   disable-signature-edit-cmd
          If set the Signature editing command usually available under
          the Setup command will not be available.
   disable-take-last-comma-first
          Normally, when TakeAddr is used to copy an address from a
          message into an address book, Pine will attempt to rewrite the
          full name of the address in the form:
          
     Last, First
          instead of
          
     First Last
          It does this because many people find it useful to sort by Last
          name instead of First name. If this feature is set, then the
          TakeAddr command will not attempt to reverse the name in this
          manner.
   enable-8bit-esmtp-negotiation
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when sending mail.
          Internet standards require that all electronic mail messages
          traversing the global Internet consist of 7bit ASCII characters
          unless a pair of cooperating mail transfer agents explicitly
          agree to allow 8bit messages. In general, then, exchanging
          messages in non-ASCII characters requires MIME encoding.
          However, there are now Internet standards that allow for
          unencoded 8bit exchange of messages between cooperating
          systems. Setting this feature tells Pine to try to negotiate
          unencoded 8bit transmission during the sending process. Should
          the negotiation fail, Pine will fall back to its ordinary
          encoding rules.
          Note, this feature relies on your system's mail transport agent
          or configured smtp-server having the negotiation mechanism
          introduced in "Extended SMTP" (ESMTP) and the specific
          extension called 8BITMIME.
   enable-8bit-nntp-posting
          The Internet standard for exchanging USENET news messages
          (RFC-1036) specifies that USENET messages should conform to
          Internet mail standards and contain only 7bit characters, but
          much of the news transport software in use today is capable of
          successfully sending messages containing 8bit characters.
          Hence, many people believe that it is appropriate to send 8bit
          news messages without any MIME encoding.
          Moreover, there is no Internet standard for explicitly
          negotiating 8bit transfer, as there is for Internet email.
          Therefore, Pine provides the option of posting unencoded 8bit
          news messages, though not as the default. Setting this feature
          will turn OFF Pine's MIME encoding of newsgroup postings that
          contain 8bit characters.
          Note, articles may cross a path or pass through news transport
          software that is unsafe or even hostile to 8bit characters. At
          best this will only cause the posting to become garbled. The
          safest way to transmit 8bit characters is to leave Pine's MIME
          encoding turned on, but recipients who lack MIME-aware tools
          are often annoyed when they receive MIME-encoded messages.
   enable-aggregate-command-set
          Setting this feature enables the commands and subcommands that
          relate to performing operations on more than one message at a
          time. We call these "aggregate operations". In particular, the
          ; Select, A Apply, and Z Zoom commands are enabled by this
          feature. Select is used to tag one or more messages meeting the
          specified criteria. Apply can then be used to apply any message
          command to all of the selected/tagged messages. Further, the
          Zoom command allows you to toggle the "Folder Index" view
          between just those Selected and all messages in the folder.
          This feature also enables the ^X subcommand in the "Folder
          Index" WhereIs command which causes all messages matching the
          WhereIs argument to become selected.
          You may also use aggregate operations in the address book
          screens where you are operating on address book entries instead
          of on messages.
   enable-alternate-editor-cmd
          If this feature is set, and the editor variable is not set,
          entering the ^_ (Control-underscore) key while composing a
          message will prompt you for the name of the editor you would
          like to use.
          If the environment variable $EDITOR is set, this value will be
          offered as a default. If the editor variable is set, the ^_ key
          will activate the specified editor without prompting, in which
          case it is not necessary to set the enable-alternate-editor-cmd
          feature. This feature is not available in PC-Pine.
   enable-alternate-editor-implicitly
          If this feature and the editor variable are both set, Pine will
          automatically activate the specified editor when the cursor is
          moved from the header of the message being composed into the
          message text. For replies, the alternate editor will be
          activated immediately. If this feature is set but the editor
          variable is not set, then Pine will automatically ask for the
          name of an alternate editor when the cursor is moved out of the
          headers, or if a reply is being done. This feature is not
          available in PC-Pine.
   enable-arrow-navigation
          If set the left and right arrow keys will operate like the
          usual navigation keys < and >.
   enable-background-sending
          If set, this feature enables a subcommand in the composer's
          Send? confirmation prompt. The subcommand allows you to tell
          Pine to handle the actual posting in the background. While this
          feature usually allows posting to appear to happen very fast,
          it has no affect on the actual delivery time it takes a message
          to arrive at its destination.
          This feature isn't supported on all systems. All DOS and
          Windows, as well as several Unix ports, do not recognize this
          feature.
          Error handling is significantly different when this feature is
          enabled. Any message posting failure results in the message
          being appended to your Interrupted mail folder. When you type
          the Compose command, Pine will notice this folder and offer to
          extract any messages contained. Upon continuing a failed
          message, Pine will display the nature of the failure in the
          status message line.
          Under extreme conditions, it is possible for message data to
          get lost. Do not enable this feature if you typically run close
          to any sort of disk-space limits or quotas.
   enable-bounce-cmd
          Setting this feature enables the B Bounce command, which will
          prompt for an address and remail the message to the new
          recipient. This command is used to re-direct messages that you
          have received in error, or need to be redirected for some other
          reason (e.g. list moderation). The final recipient will see a
          header indicating that you have Resent the msg, but the
          message's From: header will show the original author of the
          message, and replies to it will go back to that author, and not
          to you.
   enable-cruise-mode
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when you hit the "Space
          Bar" at the end of a displayed message. Typically, Pine
          complains that the end of the text has already been reached.
          Setting this feature causes such keystrokes to be interpreted
          as if the Tab key had been hit, thus taking you to the next
          interesting message, or scanning ahead to the next incoming
          folder with interesting messages.
   enable-cruise-mode-delete
          This feature modifies the behavior of Pine's enable-cruise-mode
          feature. Setting this feature causes Pine to implicitly delete
          read messages when it moves on to display the next interesting
          message.
          NOTE: Beware when enabling this feature and the
          expunge-without-confirm feature.
   enable-delivery-status-notification
          If set, this feature enables a subcommand in the composer's
          "Send?" confirmation prompt. The subcommand allows you to tell
          Pine to request the type of Delivery Status Notification (DSN)
          which you would like. Most users will be happy with the
          default, and need not enable this feature. See the online help
          for more details.
          Note that this is not a method to request READ receipts, which
          tells the sender when the receiver has read the message. In
          this case we're talking about notification of delivery to the
          mailbox, not notification that the message has been seen.
   enable-dot-files
          If set, files beginning with dot (".") will be visible in the
          file browser. For example, you'll be able to select them when
          using the browser to add an attachment to a message.
   enable-dot-folders
          If set, folders beginning with dot (".") may be added and
          viewed.
   enable-exit-via-lessthan-command
          If set, then on screens where there is an Exit command but no <
          command, the < key will perform the same function as the Exit
          command.
   enable-fast-recent-test
          If set, the TAB key behavior in Incoming folders or News
          collections is modified. By default, the TAB will cause each
          folder in the Incoming folders collection (or in the news
          collection) to be examined to see how many new messages have
          been delivered since the last time it was viewed. If this
          feature is set, the check is for any recent messages instead of
          the count of recent messages. This is much faster in many
          cases.
   enable-flag-cmd
          Setting this feature enables the * Flag command, which allows
          you to manipulate the status flags associated with a message.
          By default, Flag will set the Important flag, which results in
          an asterisk being displayed in column one of the "Folder Index"
          for such messages.
   enable-flag-screen-implicitly
          This feature modifies the behavior of the * Flag command
          (provided it too is enabled). By default, when the * Flag
          command is selected, Pine offers a prompt to set one of several
          flags and also offers the option of entering the detailed flag
          manipulation screen via the ^T key. Enabling this feature
          causes Pine to immediately enter the detailed flag screen
          rather than first offer the simple prompt.
   enable-full-header-cmd
          This feature enables the H Full Headers command which toggles
          between the display of all headers in the message and the
          normal edited view of headers. The Full Header command also
          controls which headers are included for Export, Pipe, Print,
          Forward, and Reply functions. (For Reply, the Full Header mode
          will respect the include-headers-in-reply feature setting.)
   enable-goto-in-file-browser
          Setting this causes Pine to offer the G Goto command in the
          file browser. This command allows you to explicitly set the
          displayed directory. Pine's default behavior requires you to
          visit each related directory when moving between two distant
          directories.
   enable-incoming-folders
          If set, this feature defines a pseudo-folder collection called
          INCOMING MESSAGE FOLDERS. Initially, the only folder included
          in this collection will be your INBOX, which will no longer
          show up in your default saved-message folder collection.
   enable-jump-shortcut
          Setting this feature will allow you to enter a number (followed
          by RETURN) and jump to that message number, when in the "Folder
          Index" or "Message Text" screens. In other words, it obviates
          the need for typing the J for the Jump command.
   enable-mail-check-cue
          If set, this will cause an asterisk to appear in the upper
          left-hand corner of the screen whenever Pine checks for new
          mail, and two asterisks whenever Pine saves (checkpoints) the
          state of the current mailbox to disk.
   enable-mouse-in-xterm
          This feature controls whether or not an X terminal mouse can be
          used with Pine. If set, and the $DISPLAY variable indicates
          that an X terminal is being used, the left mouse button on the
          mouse can be used to select text or commands.
          Note: if this feature is set, the behavior of X terminal
          cut-and-paste is also modified. It is necessary to hold the
          shift key down while clicking left or middle mouse buttons for
          the normal xterm cut/paste operations.
   enable-msg-view-attachments
          This feature modifies the behavior of Pine's "Message Text"
          screen. Setting this feature causes Pine to present attachments
          in boldface. The first available attachment is displayed in
          inverse. This is the "selected" attachment. Pressing RETURN
          will cause Pine to display the selected attachment. Use the up
          and down arrow keys to change which of the attachments
          displayed in boldface is the current selection.
          Speaking of arrow keys, the Up and Down Arrows will select the
          next and previous attachments if one is available on the screen
          for selection. Otherwise, they will simply adjust the viewed
          text one line up or down.
          Similarly, when selectable items are present in a message, the
          Ctrl-F key can be used to select the next item in the message
          independent of which portion of the viewed message is currently
          displayed. The Ctrl-B key can be used to select the previous
          item in the same way.
   enable-msg-view-urls
          This feature modifies the behavior of Pine's "Message Text"
          screen. Setting this feature causes Pine to select possible
          URL's from the displayed text and display them in boldface for
          selection.
          The first available URL is displayed in inverse. This is the
          "selected" URL. Pressing RETURN will cause Pine to display the
          selected URL via either built-in means as with mailto:, imap:,
          news:, and nntp:, or via an external application as defined by
          the url-viewers variable.
          Use the up and down arrow keys to change which of the URLs
          displayed in boldface is the current selection.
   enable-msg-view-web-hostnames
          This feature modifies the behavior of Pine's "Message Text"
          screen. Setting this feature causes Pine to select possible web
          hostnames from the displayed text and display them in boldface
          for selection.
          The first available hostname is displayed in inverse. This is
          the "selected" hostname. Pressing RETURN will cause Pine to
          display the selected hostname via an external application as
          defined by the url-viewers variable.
          Use the up and down arrow keys to change which of the hostnames
          displayed in boldface is the current selection.
   enable-msg-view-forced-arrows
          This feature modifies Up and Down arrow key behavior in Pine's
          "Message Text" screen when selectable Attachments, URL's, or
          web-hostnames are presented. Pine's usual behavior is to move
          to the next or previous selectable item if currently displayed
          or simply to adjust the screen view by one line if the next
          selectable line is off the screen.
          Setting this feature causes the Up and Down arrow keys to
          behave as if no selectable items were present in the message.
          Note, the Ctrl-F (next selectable item) and Ctrl-B (previous
          selectable item) functionality is unchanged.
   enable-newmail-in-xterm-icon
          This feature controls whether or not Pine will attempt to
          announce new mail arrival when it is running in an X terminal
          window and that window is iconified. If set, and the $DISPLAY
          variable indicates that an X terminal is being used, Pine will
          send appropriate escape sequences to the X terminal to modify
          the label on Pine's icon to indicate that new mail has arrived.
   enable-print-via-y-command
          By default, Pine's print command is available by pressing the %
          key. In recent versions prior to 4.00, the print command was
          accessed by pressing the Y key.
          Enabling this feature will cause Pine to recognize both the old
          command, Y, and the new % method for invoking printing. Note,
          key menu labels are not changed as a result of enabling this
          feature.
   enable-reply-indent-string-editing
          This feature affects the Reply command's "Include original
          message in Reply?" prompt. When enabled, it causes the "Edit
          Indent String" sub-command to appear which allows you to edit
          the string Pine would otherwise use to denote included text
          from the message being replied to.
          NOTE: Edited reply-indent-strings only apply to the message
          currently being replied to.
   enable-search-and-replace
          If set Pine's composer offers the R Replace command option
          inside the W WhereIs command.
   enable-sigdashes
          If set and a signature-file exists, the line consisting of the
          three characters "-- " (dash dash space) is included before the
          signature.
   enable-suspend
          Setting this feature will allow you to type ^Z and temporarily
          suspend Pine. Not available on PC-Pine.
   enable-partial-match-lists
          This feature affects the subcommands available when Saving or
          Opening a new folder. If set, the subcommand ^X ListMatches
          will be available. This command allows you to type in a
          substring of the folder you are looking for and when you type
          ^X it will display all folders which contain that substring in
          their names.
   enable-tab-completion
          This feature enables the TAB key when at a prompt for a
          filename. In this case, TAB will cause the partial name already
          entered to be automatically completed, provided the partial
          name is unambiguous.
   enable-unix-pipe-cmd
          This feature enables the | Pipe command that sends the current
          message to the specified Unix command for external processing.
          Not available on PC-Pine.
   enable-verbose-smtp-posting
          This feature controls an aspect of Pine's message sending. When
          enabled, Pine will send a VERB (i.e., VERBose) command early in
          the posting process intended to cause the server SMTP to
          provide a more detailed account of the transaction. This
          feature is typically only useful to system administrators and
          other support personel as an aid in troublshooting problems.
          Note, this feature relies on a specific capability of the
          system's mail transport agent or configured smtp-server.
   expanded-view-of-distribution-lists
          If this feature is set, then distribution lists in the address
          book screen will always be expanded automatically.
   expunge-without-confirm
          If set, you will not be prompted to confirm your intent before
          the expunge takes place. Actually, you will still be prompted
          for confirmation if the folder is not the INBOX folder or
          another folder in the Incoming Folders collection. See the
          expunge-without-confirm-everywhere feature which follows.
   expunge-without-confirm-everywhere
          The regular expunge-without-confirm feature actually only works
          for the INBOX folder and for other folders in the "Incoming
          Folders" collection. If this feature is set then you also won't
          be prompted to confirm expunges for all other folders.
   fcc-on-bounce
          If set, normal Fcc (File Carbon Copy) processing will be done
          for bounced messages, just as if you had composed a message to
          the address you are bouncing to. If not set, no Fcc of the
          message will be saved.
   include-attachments-in-reply
          If set, any MIME attachments that were part of the original
          message will automatically be included in a Reply.
   include-header-in-reply
          If set, and a message being replied to is included in the
          Reply, then headers from that message will also be part of the
          reply.
   include-text-in-reply
          Normally, Pine will ask whether you wish to include the
          original message in your Reply. If this feature is set, the
          original message will be included in the reply automatically,
          without prompting.
   news-approximates-new-status
          This feature causes certain messages to be marked as New in the
          "Folder Index" of news groups.
          When opening a news group, Pine will consult your newsrc file
          and determine the last message you have previously disposed of
          via the D key. If this feature is set, any subsequent messages
          will be shown in the Index with an N, and the first of these
          messages will be highlighted. Although this is only an
          approximation of true New or Unseen status, it provides a
          useful cue to distinguish more-or-less recent messages from
          those you have seen previously, but are not yet ready to mark
          deleted.
          Background: your newsrc file (used to store message status
          information for news groups) is only capable of storing a
          single flag, and Pine uses this to record whether or not you
          are "done with" a message, as indicated by marking the message
          as Deleted. Unfortunately, this means that Pine has no way to
          record exactly which messages you have previously seen, so it
          normally does not show the N status flag for any messages in a
          news group. This feature enables a starting approximation of
          seen/unseen status that may be useful.
   news-post-without-validation
          This feature controls whether the NNTP server is queried as
          news groups are entered for posting. Validation over slow links
          (e.g. dialup using SLIP or PPP) can cause delays. Set this
          feature to eliminate such delays.
   news-read-in-newsrc-order
          This feature controls the order that news groups will be
          presented. If set, they will be presented in the same order as
          they occur in your newsrc file. If not set, the newsgroups will
          be presented in alphabetical order.
   pass-control-characters-as-is
          If set, all characters in a message will be sent to the screen.
          Normally, control characters are automatically suppressed in
          order to avoid inadvertently changing terminal setup
          parameters.
   preserve-start-stop-characters
          This feature controls how special control key characters,
          typically ^S and ^Q, are interpreted when input to Pine. These
          characters are known as the "start" and "stop" characters and
          are sometimes used in communications paths to control data flow
          between devices that operate at different speeds.
          By default, Pine turns the system's handling of these special
          characters off except during printing. However, if you see Pine
          reporting input errors such as:
          
     [ Command "^Q" not defined for this screen. ]
          and, at the same time, see your display become garbled, then it
          is likely that setting this option will solve the problem. Be
          aware, though, that enabling this feature will also cause Pine
          to ostensibly "hang" whenever the Ctrl-S key combination is
          entered as the system is now interpreting such input as a "stop
          output" command. To "start output" again, simply type Ctrl-Q.
   print-offers-custom-cmd-prompt
          When this feature is set, the Print command will have an
          additional subcommand called C CustomPrint. If selected, you
          will have the opportunity to enter any system print command,
          instead of being restricted to using those that have been
          previously configured in the Setup/Printer screen.
   print-includes-from-line
          If this feature is set, then the Unix mail style From line is
          included at the start of each message that is printed. This
          line looks something like the following, with the address
          replaced by the address from the From line of the message being
          printed:
          
     From user@domain.somewhere.com Mon May 13 14:11:06 1996
   print-index-enabled
          This feature controls the behavior of the Print command when in
          the "Folder Index" screen. If set, the Print command will give
          you a prompt asking if you wish to print the message index, or
          the currently highlighted message. If not set, the message will
          be printed.
   print-formfeed-between-messages
          Setting this feature causes a formfeed to be printed between
          messages when printing multiple messages with the Apply Print
          command.
   quell-dead-letter-on-cancel
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when you cancel a message
          being composed. Pine's usual behavior is to write the canceled
          message to a file named dead.letter in your home directory
          (under UNIX; DEADLETR under WINDOWS/DOS) overwriting any
          previous message. Under some conditions (some routine), this
          can introduce a noticeable delay.
          Setting this feature will cause Pine NOT to write canceled
          compositions into the file called dead.letter.
   quell-lock-failure-warnings
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when it encounters a
          problem acquiring a mail folder lock. Typically, a secondary
          file associated with the mail folder being opened is created as
          part of the locking process. On some systems, such file
          creation has been administratively precluded by the system
          configuration.
          Pine issues a warning when such failures occur, which can
          become bothersome if the system is configured to disallow such
          actions. Setting this feature causes Pine to remain silent when
          this part of lock creation fails.
          WARNING: systems that have been configured in a way that
          precludes locking introduce some risk of mail folder corruption
          when more than one program attempts to modify the mail folder.
          This is most likely to occur to one's INBOX or other "Incoming
          Message Folder".
   quell-status-message-beeping
          If set status messages will never emit a beep.
   quell-user-lookup-in-passwd-file
          This feature controls an aspect of Pine's Composer, and if
          needed, will usually be set by the system manager in Pine's
          system-wide configuration file. Specifically, if this feature
          is set, Pine will not attempt to look in the system password
          file to find a Full Name for the entered address.
          Normally, names you enter into address fields (e.g. To: or Cc:)
          are checked against your address book(s) to see if they match
          an address book nickname. Failing that, (in Unix Pine) the name
          is then checked against the Unix password file. If the entered
          name matches a username in the system password file, Pine
          extracts the corresponding Full Name information for that
          individual, and adds that to the address being entered.
          However, password file matching can have surprising (incorrect)
          results if other users of the system do not receive mail at the
          domain you are using. That is, if either the user-domain or
          use-only-domain-name option is set such that the administrative
          domain of other users on the system isn't accurately reflected,
          Pine should be told that a password file match is coincidental,
          and Full Name info will be incorrect. For example, a personal
          name from the password file could get falsely paired with the
          entered name as it is turned into an address in the configured
          domain.
          If you are seeing this behavior, enabling this feature will
          prevent Unix Pine from looking up names in the password file to
          find the Full Name for incomplete addresses you enter.
   quell-partial-fetching
          Partial fetching is a feature of the IMAP protocol. By default,
          Pine will use partial fetching when copying the contents of a
          message or attachment from the IMAP server to Pine. This means
          that the fetch will be done in many small chunks instead of one
          big chunk. The main benefit of this approach is that the fetch
          becomes interruptible. That is, the user can type ^C to stop
          the fetch early. In some cases partial fetching may cause a
          performance problem so that the fetching of data takes
          significantly longer when partial fetching is used. Turning on
          this feature will turn off partial fetching.
   quit-without-confirm
          This feature controls whether or not Pine will ask for
          confirmation when a Quit command is received.
   reply-always-uses-reply-to
          If set, Pine will not prompt when a message being replied to
          contains a Reply-To: header value, but will simply use its
          value (as opposed to using the From: field's value).
   save-aggregates-copy-sequence
          This feature will optimize an aggregate copy operation, if
          possible, by issuing a single IMAP COPY command with a list of
          the messages to be copied. This may save network traffic when
          the source and destination folders are on the same IMAP server.
          However, many IMAP servers (including the UW IMAP server) do
          not preserve the order of messages when this optimization is
          applied. If this feature is not enabled, or if the folders are
          on different IMAP servers, or the folders are local and in
          different formats, Pine will copy each message individually.
   save-will-quote-leading-froms
          This feature controls an aspect of the Save command (and also
          the way outgoing messages are saved to an FCC folder). If set,
          Pine will add a leading > character in front of message lines
          beginning with "From" when they are saved to another folder,
          including lines syntactically distinguishable from the type of
          message separator line commonly used on Unix systems.
          The default behavior is that a > will be prepended only to
          lines beginning with "From " that might otherwise be confused
          with a message separator line on Unix systems. If Pine is the
          only mail program you use, this default is reasonable. If
          another program you use has trouble displaying a message with
          an unquoted From saved by Pine, you should enable this feature.
          This feature only applies to the common Unix mailbox format
          that uses message separator lines beginning with "From ". If
          Pine has been configured to use a different mailbox format
          (possibly incompatible with other mail programs), then this
          issue does not arise, and the feature is irrelevant.
   save-will-not-delete
          If set, Save will not mark the message Deleted (its default
          behavior) after it has been copied to the designated folder.
   save-will-advance
          If set, Save will (in addition to copying the current message
          to the designated folder) also advance to the next message.
   select-without-confirm
          This feature controls an aspect of Pine's Save, Export, and
          Goto commands. These commands all take text input to specify
          the name of the folder or file to be used, but allow you to
          press ^T for a list of possible names. If set, the selected
          name will be used immediately, without further opportunity to
          confirm or edit the name.
   show-cursor
          If set, the system cursor will move to convenient locations in
          the displays. For example, to the beginning of the status field
          of the highlighted index line, or to the highlighted word after
          a successful WhereIs command. It is intended to draw your
          attention to the interesting spot on the screen.
   show-selected-in-boldface
          This feature controls an aspect of Pine's aggregate operation
          commands; in particular, the Select and WhereIs commands.
          Select and WhereIs (with the ^X subcommand) will search the
          current folder for messages meeting a specified criteria, and
          tag the resulting messages with an X in the first column of the
          applicable lines in the "Folder Index". If this feature is set,
          instead of using the X to denote a selected message, Pine will
          attempt to display those index lines in boldface. Whether this
          is preferable to the X will depend on personal taste and the
          type of terminal being used.
   signature-at-bottom
          If this feature is set, and a message being Replied to is being
          included in the reply, then the contents of the signature file
          (if any) will be inserted after the included message, and the
          cursor will also be positioned after the included text. This
          feature does not affect the results of a Forward command.
   single-column-folder-list
          If set, the "Folder List" screen will list one folder per line
          instead of several per line.
   tab-visits-next-new-message-only
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when using the TAB key to
          move from one message to the next. Pine's usual behavior is to
          select the next Unread message or message flagged as Important.
          Setting this feature causes Pine to skip the messages flagged
          as Important, and select Unread messages exclusively. Tab
          behavior when there are no new messages left to select remains
          unchanged.
   termdef-takes-precedence
          In some versions of Pine before 4.00 there was a compile-time
          macro called TERMCAP_WINS which could be set to cause the
          termcap or terminfo definitions to be used instead of the built
          in definitions. Beginning with 4.00 this hidden runtime feature
          can be turned on to accomplish the same thing.
   use-current-dir
          This feature controls an aspect of several commands. If set,
          your "current working directory" will be used instead of your
          home directory for all of the following operations:
          + Export in the "Folder Index" and "Message Text" screens
          + Attachment Save in the "Message Text" and "Attachment Text"
            screens
          + ^R file inclusion in the Composer
          + ^J file attachment in the Composer
   use-function-keys
          This feature specifies that Pine will respond to function keys
          instead of the normal single-letter commands. In this mode, the
          key menus at the bottom of each screen will show function key
          designations instead of the normal mnemonic key.
   use-sender-not-x-sender
          Normally Pine adds a header line labeled X-Sender, if the
          sender is different from the From: line. The standard specifies
          that this header line should be labeled Sender, not X-Sender.
          Setting this feature causes Sender to be used instead of
          X-Sender.
   use-subshell-for-suspend
          This feature affects Pine's behavior when process suspension is
          enabled and then activated via the ^Z key. Pine suspension
          allows one to temporarily interact with the operating system
          command "shell" without quitting Pine, and then subsequently
          resume the still-active Pine session.
          When the enable-suspend feature is set and subsequently the ^Z
          key is pressed, Pine will normally suspend itself and return
          temporary control to Pine's parent shell process. However, if
          this feature is set, Pine will instead create an inferior
          subshell process. This is useful when the parent process is not
          intended to be used interactively. Examples include invoking
          Pine via the -e argument of the Unix xterm program, or via a
          menu system.
          Note that one typically resumes a suspended Pine by entering
          the Unix fg command, but if this feature is set, it will be
          necessary to enter the exit command instead.
          
Hidden Config Variables and Features

   There are several configuration variables and features which are
   "hidden" from the user. That is, they don't appear on any of the
   configuration screens. Some of these are suppressed because they are
   intended to be used by system administrators, and in fact may only be
   set in system-wide configuration files. Others are available to users
   but are thought to be of such little value to most users that their
   presence on the Config screens would cause more confusion than help.
   Those features may only be set by hand editing the configuration file.
   
  Hidden Variables Not Settable by Users
  
   These variables are settable only in system-wide configuration files.
     * bugs-additional-data
     * bugs-address
     * bugs-fullname
     * forced-abook-entry
     * kblock-passwd-count
     * local-address
     * local-fullname
     * mail-directory
     * standard-printer
     * suggest-address
     * suggest-fullname
       
  Hidden Variables Which are Settable by Users
  
   These variables are not shown to users but are settable by means of
   hand editing the personal configuration file. This first group is
   usually maintained by Pine and there should be no reason to edit them.
     * last-version-used
     * remote-abook-metafile
       
   This group is usually correct but may be changed by system managers or
   users in special cases.
     * disable-these-drivers
     * last-time-prune-questioned
     * new-version-threshold
     * remote-abook-history
     * rsh-command
     * rsh-open-timeout
     * rsh-path
     * sendmail-path
     * tcp-open-timeout
     * use-function-keys
       
   System managers are usually interested in setting these in the
   system-wide configuration files, though users may set them if they
   wish.
     * operating-dir
     * user-input-timeout
       
  Hidden Features Which are Settable by Users
  
   These are features (as opposed to variables) which users or system
   administrators may set. Some of them only make sense for
   administrators.
     * allow-changing-from
     * disable-busy-alarm
     * disable-config-cmd
     * disable-keyboard-lock-cmd
     * disable-password-cmd
     * disable-signature-edit-cmd
     * quell-partial-fetching
     * save-aggregates-copy-sequence
     * termdef-takes-precedence
       
Retired Variables

   Variables that are no longer used by the current Pine version. When an
   obsolete variable is encountered, its value is applied to any new
   corresponding setting and a comment is place before it noting that it
   is no longer in used. The replaced values at the time of this document
   include:
   
   elm-style-save
          Replaced by saved-msg-name-rule
   feature-level
          Replaced by feature-list.
   header-in-reply
          Replaced by include-header-in-reply in the feature-list.
   old-style-reply
          Replaced by signature-at-bottom in the feature-list.
   save-by-sender
          Replaced by saved-msg-name-rule.
   show-all-characters
          No replacement, it always works this way now.
   expanded-view-of-addressbooks
          No replacement, address book screens are hierarchical now.
   expanded-view-of-folders
          No replacement, folder list screens are hierarchical now.
          
     _________________________________________________________________

                    Notes on Configuration and Preferences
                                       
Pine in Function Key Mode

   The standard Pine uses alphabetic keys for most commands, and control
   keys in the composer. Despite possible appearances, the current
   bindings are the result of much discussion and thought. All the
   commands in the composer are single control characters. This keeps
   things very neat and simple for users. Two character commands in the
   composer are a possibility, but we're trying to avoid them because of
   the added complexity for the user.
   
   Pine can also operate in a function-key mode. To go into this mode
   invoke pine -k or (on some UNIX systems) pinef. On a UNIX system, you
   can link or copy the Pine executable to pinef to install pinef.
   Alternatively, users and systems administrators can set the
   use-function-keys feature in the personal or system-wide Pine
   configuration file. The command menus at the bottom of the screen will
   show F1-F12 instead of the alphabetic commands. In addition, the help
   screens will be written in terms of function keys and not alphabetic
   keys.
   
   One of the results of using Pine in function-key mode is that users
   can only choose from twelve commands at any given time. In
   alphabetic-key mode, a user can press a key for a command (say, q to
   quit) and that command can be fulfilled. In function-key mode, the
   command must be visible on the bottom key-menu in order to be used.
   There are some screens where four screens of commands are operational;
   function-key users can get to all of them, just not all at once.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Domain Settings

   Pine uses the default domain for a few different tasks. First, it is
   tacked onto the user-id for outgoing email. Second, it is tacked onto
   all "local" (unqualified) addresses in the "To:" or "Cc:" fields of
   messages being composed (unless they are found in the address book or
   on an LDAP server). The domain name is also used to generate
   message-id lines for each outgoing message and to allow Pine to check
   if an address is that of the current Pine user.
   
   Pine determines the domain name according to whichever of these it
   finds. The list here is in decreasing order of precedence.
    1. Value of the variable user-domain in the system fixed
       configuration file
    2. Value of the variable user-domain in the personal configuration
       file
    3. Value of the variable user-domain in the system-wide configuration
       file
    4. Value from an external database (DNS, /etc/hosts, NIS) as modified
       by a system fixed configuration file if use-only-domain-name set
       to yes
    5. Value from an external database (DNS, /etc/hosts, NIS) as modified
       by a personal configuration file if use-only-domain-name set to
       yes
    6. Value from an external database (DNS, /etc/hosts, NIS) as modified
       by a system configuration file if use-only-domain-name set to yes
    7. Unmodified value (host name) from an external database
       
   The easiest way for this system to work is for PC-Pine users and UNIX
   Pine system administrators to set the user-domain variable. The
   variable use-only-domain-name is helpful if your site
   supports/requires hostless addressing, but for some reason you don't
   want to use the user-domain variable.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Syntax for Collections

   In many environments, it is quite common to have collections of
   archived mail on various hosts around the network. Using the folder
   collections facility in Pine, access to these archives is just as
   simple as access to folders on Pine's local disk.
   
   "Collection" is the word we use in Pine to describe a set of folders.
   A collection corresponds loosely to a "directory" containing mail
   folders. Folders within a defined collection can be manipulated
   (opened, saved-to, etc) using just their simple name. Any number of
   folder collections can be defined, and Pine will adjust its menus and
   prompts to help navigate them.
   
   The way collections are defined in Pine is with the folder-collections
   variable in the Pine configuration file. Folder-collections takes a
   list of one or more collections, each (optionally) preceded by a
   user-defined logical name (label). Once collections are defined, Pine
   adjusts its menus and behavior to allow choosing files by their simple
   name within the collection.
   
   Consider the following:
   folder-collections=  Local-Mail      C:\MAIL\[],
                        Remote-Mail     {imap.u.example.edu}mail/[]

   The example shows two collections defined (a comma separated list;
   newlines in the list are OK if there's one or more spaces before the
   next entry), one local and one remote. Each collection is a
   space-delimited pair of elements-first an optional logical-name and
   second the collection specifier. The logical-name can have spaces if
   it has quotes around it (but keeping the logical name short and
   descriptive works best). Pine will use the logical-name (if provided)
   to reference all folders in the collection, so the user never has to
   see the ugliness of the collection specifier.
   
   The collection specifier can be thought of as an extended IMAP format
   (see the Remote Folders section for a description of IMAP format
   names). Basically, a pair of square-brackets are placed in the fully
   qualified IMAP path where the simple folder name (the part without the
   host name and path) would appear. Like IMAP, the path can be either
   fully qualified (i.e., with a leading '/') or relative to your home
   directory.
   
   An advanced feature of this notation is that a pattern within the
   square brackets allows the user to define a collection to be a subset
   of a directory. For example, a collection defined with the specifier:

        M-Mail          C:MAIL/[m*]

   will provide a view in the folder lister of all folders in the PC's
   "C:MAIL" directory that start with the letter 'm' (case insensitive
   under DOS, of course). Further, the wildcard matching will honor
   characters trailing the '*' in the pattern.
   
   From within Pine, the "Folder List" display will be adjusted to allow
   browsing of the folders in any defined collection. Even more, you'll
   notice in the Goto and Save commands a pair of sub-commands to rotate
   through the list of logical collection names, so only a simple name
   need be input in order to operate on a folder in any collection.
   
   The first collection specified in the folder-collections has special
   significance. That folder is the "default collection for saves". By
   default, in cases where the user does not specify which collection
   should be used to Save a message, the default collection for saves
   will be used. Also, if the default-fcc's is a relative file name, then
   it is relative to the default collection for saves. (See also
   saved-msg-name-rule.
   
   The notion of collections encompasses both email folders and news
   reading. The variable news-collections uses nearly the same format as
   folder-collections. Newsgroups can be defined for convenient access
   via either IMAP or NNTP. There are advantages and disadvantages to
   both access methods. In the IMAP case, your news environment state is
   maintained on the server and, thus, will be seen by any client. The
   downside is that, at the moment, you must have an account on the
   server. In the NNTP case, server access is mostly anonymous and no
   state/accounting need be maintained on it. The downside is that each
   client, for now, must individually maintain news environment state.
   
   An example pinerc entry might be:
     news-collections=  Remote-State    {news.u.example.edu}#news.[],
                        Local-State     {news.u.example.edu/nntp}#news.[]

   Only newsgroups to which you are subscribed are included in the
   collection.
   
   The pattern matching facility can be applied so as to define a news
   collection which is a subset of all the newsgroups you subscribe to.
   For example, this could be a valid collection:

                        Newsfeed-News   {news.u.example.edu/nntp}#news.[clari.*
]

   Collection handling is a tough problem to solve in a general way, and
   the explanation of the syntax is a bit ugly. The upside is, hopefully,
   that for a little complexity in the Pine configuration file you get
   simple management of multiple folders in diverse locations.
   
   As of Pine 4.00, collection setup is handled by the
   Setup/collectionList screen instead of requiring hand editing of the
   configuration file.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Syntax for Remote Folders

   Remote folders are distinguished from local folders by a leading host
   name bracketed by '{' and '}'. The path and folder name immediately
   following the closing bracket, '}', is interpreted by the IMAP server
   and is in a form compatible with that server (i.e., path delimiters
   and naming syntax relative to that server).
   
   Typically, a folder name without any path description is understood to
   reside in the user's "home directory" (i.e., in some way the user's
   personal, writable file area), as are incomplete path designations.
   However, the IMAP specification does not require that unqualified
   folder names live in one's home directory, so some IMAP servers may
   require fully qualified names. An example of a remote folder
   specification would be,

        {mailhost.cac.washington.edu}mail/saved-messages

   This example simply specifies a folder named ``saved-messages'' on the
   imap server ``mailhost.cac.washington.edu'', in the ``mail''
   subdirectory of the user's home directory. Easy isn't it?
   
   To confuse things a bit, qualifiers are permitted within the brackets
   following the host name. These qualifiers consist of a slash ('/')
   character followed by a keyword or keyword and value, and have the
   effect of modifying how the connection is made to the host specified.
   An example of such a specification might be,

        {news.u.washington.edu/nntp}#news.comp.mail.mime

   This specifies an altogether different access method: access via the
   Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP).
   
   Some other possible qualifiers are /user=username, which says to login
   as user username; /secure, which says to require Kerberos 5 to login;
   imap; pop3; and anonymous.
   
   There is also an optional :portnum following the hostname. This would
   specify a non-standard port number to connect to.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Sorting a Folder

   The mail index may be sorted by subject, size, from, to, cc, date, or
   arrival order. Each sort order can also be reversed. The $ command
   will prompt the user for the sort order. The sort order can also be
   specified on the command line with the -sort flag or (equivalently)
   with the sort-key variable in the pinerc file. When a user changes
   folders, the sort order will go back to the original sort order. The
   command line (-sort) or configuration file sort specification
   (sort-key) changes the original sort order.
   
   When a folder is sorted and new mail arrives in the folder it will be
   inserted in its properly sorted place. This can be a little odd when
   the folder is sorted by something like the subject. It can also be a
   little slow if you are viewing a large, sorted INBOX, since the INBOX
   will have to be re-sorted whenever new mail arrives.
   
   The sorts are all independent of case and ignore leading or trailing
   white space. There are actually two forms of subject sort. One called
   Subject and the other called OrderedSubj. They both ignore "Re:" at
   the beginning and "(fwd)" at the end of the subjects. Subject sorts
   all the subjects alphabetically. OrderedSubj sorts by subjects
   alphabetically, groups messages with the same subject
   (pseudo-threads), then sorts the groups by the date of the first
   message of the group. The sort by sender sorts by the user-id (part
   before the "@"), not the full name. The arrival sort is basically no
   sort at all and the date sort depends on the format of the date. Some
   dates are in strange formats and are unparsable. The time zone is also
   taken into account.
   
   Sorting large mail folders can be very slow since it requires fetching
   all the headers of the mail messages. With UNIX Pine, only the first
   sort is slow since Pine keeps a copy of all the headers. One exception
   is sorting in reverse arrival order. This is fast because no headers
   have to be examined. Pine will show progress as it is sorting.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Alternate Editor

   In the Pine composer you can use any text editor, such as vi or emacs,
   for composing the message text. The addresses and subject still must
   be edited using the standard Pine composer. If you include the feature
   enable-alternate-editor-cmd in your pinerc you can type ^_ while in
   the body of the message in the composer and be prompted for the
   editor. If you also set the editor variable in your pinerc then ^_
   will invoke the configured editor when you type it.
   
   Turning on the feature enable-alternate-editor-implicitly will
   automatically invoke the editor you have defined with the editor
   variable whenever you enter the body of a message you are composing.
   For example, when you move out of the last header line and into the
   body of the message, the alternate editor will be automatically
   invoked.
   
   We know that many people would like to use the alternate editor to
   edit the mail header as well. We considered several designs for this
   and didn't come up with one that we liked and that was easy to
   implement. One of the main problems is that you lose access to the
   address book.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Signatures and Signature Placement

   If the file ~/.signature (UNIX) or <PINERCdirectory>\PINE.SIG (PC)
   exists, it will be included in all outgoing messages. It is included
   before composition starts so that the user has a chance to edit it out
   if he or she likes. The file name for the signature can be changed by
   setting the signature-file variable in the pinerc. If the feature
   enable-sigdashes is turned on then the line consisting of the three
   characters "-- " is prepended to the signature file. There is no way
   to have Pine include different signatures in different outgoing
   messages automatically. You can do this by hand, however, by having
   multiple signature files (.sig1, .sig2, .sig3, etc) and choosing to
   include (^R in the composer) the correct one for the message being
   sent.
   
   Pine's default behavior encourages a user to put his or her
   contribution before the inclusion of the original text of the message
   being forwarded or replied to, This is contrary to some conventions,
   but makes the conversation more readable when a long original message
   is included in a reply for context. The reader doesn't have to scroll
   through the original text that he or she has probably already seen to
   find the new text. If the reader wishes to see the old message(s), the
   reader can scroll further into the message. Users who prefer to add
   their input at the end of a message should set the signature-at-bottom
   feature. The signature will then be appended to the end of the message
   after any included text. This feature applies when Replying, not when
   Forwarding.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Feature List Variable

   Pine used to have feature levels for users with different amounts of
   experience. We found that this was too restrictive. Pine now has a
   feature-list instead. Each user may pick and choose which features
   they would like enabled (simple to do in the Setup/Config screen).
   There is a short description of each in Configuration Features. There
   is also a short on-line help explaining the effect of each of the
   features in the Setup/Config screen. When the cursor is highlighting a
   feature, the ? command will show the help text for that feature.
   Features don't have values, they are just turned on or off. They are
   all off by default.
   
   The feature-list variable is different from all other configuration
   variables in that its value is additive. That is, the system-wide
   configuration file can have some features turned on by default. The
   user can select other features in their personal configuration file
   and those features will be added to the set of features turned on in
   the system-wide configuration file. (With all other configuration
   variables, the user's values replace the system-wide values.)
   Likewise, additional features may be set on the command-line with the
   argument "-feature-list=". These will be added to the others.
   
   The treatment of feature-list in the system-wide fixed configuration
   file is also different from other variables. The system management can
   fix the value of individual features by placing them in the fixed
   configuration file. Users will not be able to alter those features,
   but will still be able to set the other non-restricted features the
   way they like.
   
   Because feature-list is additive, there is a way to turn features off
   as well as on. Prepending the prefix "no-" to any feature sets it to
   off. This is useful for over-riding the system-wide default in the
   personal configuration file or for over-riding the system-wide default
   or the personal configuration value on the command line. For example,
   if the system-wide default configuration has the quit-without-confirm
   feature set, the user can over-ride that (and turn it off) by
   including no-quit-without-confirm in the personal configuration file
   or by giving the command line argument
   -feature-list=no-quit-without-confirm. More features (options) will no
   doubt continue to be added.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
SMTP Servers

   It is sometimes desireable to set smtp-server=localhost instead of
   setting sendmail-path to overcome the inability to negotiate ESMTP
   options when sendmail is invoked with the -t option. Sendmail can also
   be subject to unacceptable delays due to slow DNS lookups and other
   problems.
   
   It is sometimes desireable to configure an SMTP server on a port other
   than the default port 25. This may be used to provide an alternate
   service that is optimized for a particular environment or provides
   different features from the port 25 server. An example would be a
   program that negotiates ESMTP options and queues a message, but does
   not attempt to deliver messages. This would avoid delays frequently
   encountered when invoking sendmail directly.
   
   A typical configuration would consist of
     * A program that implements the SMTP or ESMTP protocol via stdio.
     * An entry in /etc/services for the alternate service.
     * An entry in /etc/inetd.conf for the alternate service.
     * An entry in /usr/local/lib/pine.conf,
       /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed or ~/.pinerc.
       
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
MIME.Types file

   Pine's MIME-TYPE support is based on code contributed by Hans Drexler
   &LT;drexler@mpi.nl&GT;. Pine assigns MIME Content-Types according to
   file name extensions found in the system-wide files
   /usr/local/lib/mime.types and /etc/mime.types, and a user specific
   ~/.mime.types file.
   
   In DOS and OS/2, Pine looks in the same directory as the PINERC file
   and the same dir as PINE.EXE. This is similar to the UNIX situation
   with personal config info coming before potentially shared config
   data. An alternate search path can be specified by setting the
   mimetype-search-path variable in the user or system-wide configuration
   or by setting the MIMETYPES environment variable.
   
   These files specify file extensions that will be connected to a mime
   type. Lines beginning with a '#' character are treated as comments and
   ignored. All other lines are treated as a mime type definition. The
   first word is a type/subtype specification. All following words are
   file extensions belonging to that type/subtype. Words are separated by
   whitespace characters. If a file extension occurs more than once, then
   the first definition determines the file type and subtype. A couple
   sample lines from a mime.types file follow:
   
image/gif         gif
text/html         html htm
video/mpeg        mpeg mpg mpe

     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Additional Notes on PC-Pine

   Below are a few odds and ends worth mentioning about PC-Pine. They
   have to do with DOS-specific behavior that is either necessary or
   useful (and sometimes both!).
   
   As PC-Pine runs in an environment with limited access control,
   accounting or auditing, an additional line is automatically inserted
   into the header of mail messages generated by PC-Pine:

        X-Sender: <userid>@<imap.host>

   By popular demand of system administrators, PC-Pine has been modified
   to prevent sending messages until the user has successfully logged
   into a remote mail server. Even though PC-Pine cannot prevent users
   from changing the apparent identity of the sender of a message, the
   IMAP server login name and host name included in the X-Sender line
   provide some level of traceability by the recipient. However, this
   should not be considered a rigorous form of authentication. It is
   extremely lightweight, and is not a replacement for true
   authentication.
   
   Hand in hand with authentication and accounting is user information.
   Since PC-Pine has no user database to consult for user-id,
   personal-name, etc., necessary information must be provided by the
   user/installer before PC-Pine can properly construct the "From"
   address required for outbound messages. PC-Pine will, by default,
   prompt for the requisite pieces as they are needed. This information
   corresponds to the PINERC variables user-id, personal-name,
   user-domain, and smtp-server.
   
   The user is then asked whether or not this information should
   automatically be saved to the PINERC. This is useful behavior in
   general, but can lead to problems in a lab or other shared
   environment. Hence, these prompts and automatic saving of
   configuration can be turned off on an entry by entry basis by setting
   any of the above values in the PINERC to the null string (i.e., a pair
   of double quotes). This means that the user will be prompted for the
   information once during each Pine session, and no opportunity to save
   them in the PINERC will be offered.
   
   Along similar lines, a feature allowing automatic login to the
   imap-server containing the user's INBOX has also been requested. This
   feature is not enabled by default, but requires the existence of the
   file named PINE.PWD in the same directory as the PINERC. Even with the
   existence of this file, the user must still acknowledge a prompt
   before the password is saved to the file. If PC-Pine is configured to
   access several different IMAP servers, each password entered will be
   kept (associated with the corresponding host name) in memory during
   the current session, and optionally, in the PINE.PWD file for use in
   subsequent sessions.
   
   WARNING! Use this feature with caution! It effectively makes the
   user's mail no more secure than the physical security of the machine
   running PC-Pine. What's more, while the password is cloaked by a mild
   (some might say, feeble) encryption scheme, it is nonetheless sitting
   in a file on the PC's disk and subject to cracking by anyone with
   access to it. BEWARE!
   
   Another feature of DOS is the lack of standard scratch area for
   temporary files. During the course of a session, PC-Pine may require
   numerous temporary files (large message texts, various caches, etc.).
   Where to create them can be a problem, particularly when running under
   certain network operating systems. PC-Pine observes the TMP and TEMP
   environment variables, and creates temporary files in the directory
   specified by either. In their absence, PC-Pine creates these files in
   the root of the current working drive.

                               Behind the Scenes
                                       
   Many people ask how certain Pine features are implemented. This
   section outlines some of the details.
   
Address Books

   Beginning with Pine 4.00 there are two types of address book storage.
   There are local address books, which are the address books that are
   stored in a local file (the address books Pine has had all along); and
   there are remote address books, which are stored on an IMAP server.
   
    Information About Remote Address Books
    
     NOTE: The remote address book capability does not allow you to
     access an existing local address book from a remote system! That
     is, you can't set the remote address book to something like
     {remote.host}.addressbook and expect to access the existing
     .addressbook file on remote.host. Instead, you need to create a new
     remote address book in a new, previously unused remote mail folder.
     Then you can use the Select and Apply Save commands in the address
     book screen to Save all of the entries from an existing local
     address book to the new remote address book.
     
   Beginning with Pine 4.00 there is a new type of address book called a
   remote address book. A remote address book is stored in a mail folder
   on an IMAP server. A Pine remote address book is just like a Pine
   local address book in that it is not interoperable with other email
   clients. The folder is a regular folder containing mail messages but
   those messages are special. The first message must be a pine remote
   address book header message which contains the header x-pine-addrbook.
   The last message in the folder contains the address book data. In
   between the first and the last message are old versions of the address
   book data. The address book data is simply stored in the message as it
   would be on disk, with no MIME encoding. When it is used the data from
   the last message in the folder is copied to a local file and then that
   file is used exactly like a local address book file is used. When a
   change is made the modified local file is appended to the remote
   folder in a new message. In other words, the local file is just a
   cache copy of the data in the remote folder. Each client which uses
   the remote address book will have its own cache copy of the data.
   Whenever a copy is done the entire address book is copied, not just
   the entries which have changed.
   
   Pine can tell that the remote data has changed by one of several
   methods. If the date contained in the Date header of the last message
   has changed then it knows it has changed. If the UID of the last
   message has changed, or the number of messages in the folder has
   changed, it knows that it has changed. When Pine discovers the folder
   has changed it gets a new copy and puts it in the local cache file.
   
   There is a new configuration file variable for remote address books
   called remote-abook-metafile. The variable is the name of a file in
   which information about remote address books is stored. There is one
   line in the metafile for each remote address book. The information
   stored there is the name of the cache file and information to help
   figure out when the remote folder has changed. If the metafile or any
   of the cache files is deleted then Pine will rebuild them the next
   time it runs.
   
   Remote address books have names that look just like regular remote
   mail folder names. For example:
   
     {host.domain}foldername
     
   Pine decides whether or not an address book is remote simply by
   looking at the first character of the address book name and comparing
   it to {.
   
    Information About All Address Books
    
   The address book is named, by default, .addressbook in the user's Unix
   home directory, or in the case of PC-Pine, ADDRBOOK, in the same
   directory as the PINERC file. There may be more than one address book,
   and the default name can be overridden via an entry in any of the Pine
   configuration files. The two configuration variables address-book and
   global-address-book are used to specify the names of the address
   books. Each of these variables is a list variable. The total set of
   address books for a user is the combination of all the address books
   specified in these two lists. Each entry in the list is an optional
   nickname followed by an address book name. The nickname is everything
   up to the last space before the file name. The global-address-book
   list will typically be configured in the system-wide configuration
   file, though a user may override it like most other variables. Address
   books which are listed in the global-address-book variable are forced
   read-only, and are typically shared among multiple users.
   
   Local address books (or local cache files for remote address books)
   are simple text files with lines in the format:
   
     <nickname>TAB<fullname>TAB<address>TAB<fcc>TAB<comments>
     
   The last two fields are optional. A "line" may be made up of multiple
   actual lines in the file by using continuation lines, which are lines
   beginning with SPACE characters. The line breaks may be after TABs or
   in between addresses in a distribution list.
   
   Nicknames (the first field) are short names that the user types
   instead of typing in the full address. There are several characters
   which aren't allowed in nicknames in order to avoid ambiguity when
   parsing the address (SPACE, COMMA, @, ", ;, :, (, ), [, ], , \).
   Nicknames aren't required. In fact, none of the fields is required.
   
   The fullname field is usually stored as Last_name, First_name, in
   order that a sort on the fullname field comes out sorted by Last_name.
   If there is a comma in the fullname, Pine will flip the first and last
   name around and get rid of the comma when using the entry in a
   composition. It isn't required that there be a comma, that's only
   useful if the user wants the entries to sort on last names.
   
   The address field takes one of two forms, depending on whether the
   entry is a single (simple) address or a distribution list. For a
   simple entry, the address field is an RFC 822 address. This could be
   either the email-address part of the address, i.e., the part that goes
   inside the brackets (<>), or it could be a full RFC 822 address. The
   phrase part of the address (the fullname) is used unless there is a
   fullname present in the fullname field of the address book entry. In
   that case, the fullname of the address book entry replaces the
   fullname of the address. For a distribution list, the <address> is in
   the format:
   
     "(" <address>, <address>, <address>, ... ")"
     
   The only purpose for the parentheses around the list of addresses is
   to make it easier for the parsing routines to tell that it is a simple
   entry instead of a list. The two are displayed differently and treated
   slightly differently in some cases, though most of the distinction has
   disappeared. Each of the addresses in a list can be a full RFC 822
   address with fullname included, or it may be just the simple
   email-address part of the address. This allows the user to have a list
   which includes the fullnames of all the list members. In both the
   simple and list cases, addresses may also be other nicknames which
   appear in this address book or in one of the other address books.
   (Those nicknames are searched for by looking through the address books
   in the order they appear in the address book screen, with the first
   match winning.) Lists may be nested. If addresses refer to each other
   in a loop (for example, list A includes list B which includes list A
   again) this is detected and flagged. In that case, the address will be
   changed to "**** address loop ****".
   
   The optional fcc field is a folder name, just like the fcc field in
   the composer headers. If the first address in the To field of a
   composition comes from an address book entry with an fcc field, then
   that fcc is placed in the fcc header in the composer.
   
   The comments field is just a free text field for storing comments
   about an entry. By default, neither the fcc nor the comments field is
   shown on the screen in the address book screen. You may make those
   fields visible by configuring the variable addressbook-formats. They
   are also searched when you use the WhereIs command in the address book
   screen and are visible when you View or Update an entry.
   
   The address book is displayed in the order that it is stored. When the
   user chooses a different sorting criterion, the data is actually
   sorted and stored, as opposed to showing a sorted view of the data.
   
   When the address book is written out, it is first written to a
   temporary file and if that write is successful it is renamed. This
   guards against errors writing the file that might destroy the whole
   address book. The address book is re-written after each change. If the
   address book is a remote address book, the file is then appended to
   the remote mail folder using IMAP.
   
   The end-of-line character(s) in the address book file are those native
   to the system writing it. So it is <LF> on Unix and <CR><LF> on PC's.
   However, both Unix and PC versions of Pine can read either format, so
   it should be possible to share a read-only address book among the two
   populations (using NFS, for example). The end-of-line character for
   the LookUp file is always just <LF>, even on a PC.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
  Address Book Lookup File
  
   Starting in 3.90 there is an additional file for each address book,
   called the LookUp file. It usually has the same name as the address
   book file with the suffix ".lu" appended. (It might have a different
   name if a file name length restriction prohibited that name.) This
   file is created and maintained by Pine. If it is deleted, Pine will
   recreate it next time it runs. Its purpose is to speed up lookups for
   large address books and to reduce memory requirements for large
   address books. A fairly detailed description of how it is used is
   given in src/pine/adrbklib.h.
   
   The lookup file changes whenever the address book itself is changed.
   If it doesn't exist, Pine attempts to create it. If Pine doesn't have
   permission to create the lookup file with the standard name, it will
   create a temporary version in a temp directory. You want to avoid this
   since it would have to be rebuilt every time Pine was run, and
   rebuilding takes a significant time for a large address book. So, if
   you're going to have a shared address book in a read-only directory,
   it is highly desirable to create the lookup file so that the users
   sharing it won't have to each create a copy in a temp directory. You
   can do that by running Pine and accessing the address book under a
   user id which does have permission to write the file (root, for
   example) or by using the -create_lu command line argument to Pine (as
   root, still). If users may be using a shared address book that needs
   updating, it is best to move the old address book to another name
   rather than copying over it since the file may be opened by running
   Pines. It is also best to make the lookup file for the new addrbook
   before moving it and the address book file into place, otherwise users
   may get stuck attempting to initialize the new lookup file. The lookup
   file contains a timestamp which records the mtime of the address book
   file when the lookup file was last updated. Whenever a user runs Pine
   the current mtime of the address book is checked against this
   timestamp and if they differ, Pine will want to rebuild the lookup
   file. Because of this, it isn't a good idea to build the lookup file
   and then copy the address book and lookup file into place. You should
   move it or copy it in some way which preserves the address book file's
   mtime (e.g., use mv or tar).
   
    Validity Checking of Address Books
    
   There is no file locking done on Pine address books, however, there is
   considerable validity checking done to make sure that the address book
   hasn't changed unexpectedly. Whenever the address book is about to be
   changed, a check is made to see if the file is newer than when we read
   it or the remote address book folder has changed since we last copied
   it. If either of these is true, the change is aborted.
   
   There is an automatic, behind-the-scene check that happens every so
   often, also. For example, if someone else changes one of the address
   books that you have configured, your Pine's copy of the address book
   will usually be updated automatically without you noticing. This
   checking happens at the same time as new mail checking takes place,
   unless you are actively using the address book, in which case it
   happens more frequently.
   
   Another sort of validity check is that the lookup file contains a
   timestamp internally that is supposed to match the time that the
   address book file itself was last modified. If the lookup file
   timestamp doesn't match the date of the address book file, a new
   lookup file is built. If you are having trouble, it is always ok to
   remote the lookup file and restart. Pine will automatically rebuild
   the lookup file.
   
   One other validity check happens when looking up an entry in the
   address book file. An entry is looked up by first getting an offset
   into the address book file from the lookup file. A seek to that
   location is done and then the entry is read. An entry should be at the
   start of a line. If it isn't, something is wrong. In that case, the
   lookup file is rebuilt and the operation is repeated if possible.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Checkpointing

   Periodically Pine will save the whole mail folder to disk to prevent
   loss of any mail or mail status in the case that it gets interrupted,
   disconnected, or crashes. The period of time Pine waits to do the
   checkpoint is calculated to be minimally intrusive. The timing can be
   changed (but usually isn't) at compile time. Folder checkpointing
   happens for both local folders and those being accessed with IMAP. The
   delays are divided into three categories:
   
   Good Time:
          This occurs when Pine has been idle for more than 30 seconds.
          In this case Pine will checkpoint if 12 changes to the file
          have been made or at least one change has been made and a
          checkpoint hasn't been done for five minutes.
   Bad Time:
          This occurs just after Pine has executed some command. Pine
          will checkpoint if there are 36 outstanding changes to the mail
          file or at least one change and no checkpoint for ten minutes.
   Very Bad Time:
          Done when composing a message. In this case, Pine will only
          checkpoint if at least 48 changes have been made or at least
          one change has been made in the last twenty minutes with no
          checkpoint.
          
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Debug Files

   If Unix Pine is compiled with the compiler DEBUG option on (the
   default), then Pine will produce debugging output to a file. The file
   is normally .pine-debugX in the user's home directory where X goes
   from 1 to 4. Number 1 is always the most recent session and 4 the
   oldest. Four are saved because often the user has gone in and out of
   Pine a few times after a problem has occurred before the expert
   actually gets to look at it. The amount of output in the debug files
   varies with the debug level set when Pine is compiled and/or as a
   command line flag. The default is level 2. This shows very general
   things and records errors. Level 9 produces copious amounts of output
   for each keystroke.
   
   PC-Pine creates a single debug file named PINEDEBG.TXT in the same
   directory as the PINERC file.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Filters

   Pine is not designed to process email messages as they are delivered;
   rather Pine depends on the fact that some other program (sendmail,
   etc) will deliver messages and Pine simply reads the email folders
   which that other program creates. For this reason, Pine cannot filter
   incoming email into different folders. It can, however, work alongside
   most of the programs available over the Internet which perform this
   task. Pine is known to operate successfully with the Elm filter
   program and with procmail.
   
   Pine allows users to specify a set of incoming-folders. Pine will
   separate out all the folders listed as incoming-folders and offer
   convenient access to these. We hope that in the future Pine will be
   able to offer new message counts for all of the incoming folders, but
   we haven't done this so far because of the performance penalty.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Folder Formats and Name Extensions

   A folder is a group of messages. The default format used by Unix Pine
   is the Berkeley mail format. It is also used by the standard mail
   command and by elm. Unix Pine also understands message folders in
   other formats, such as Tenex, MH, MMDF, and Netnews.
   
   PC-Pine reads and writes local (PC) folders in a special format
   similar to the Tenex format. Near as we can tell, PC-Pine is the only
   program to use this format. Beginning with version 3.90, PC-Pine
   includes a ReadOnly driver for the Berkeley mailbox format in
   addition. That means that you can import Unix mail folders, or mount
   them via NFS or SMB, and PC-Pine can read them --but not modify them.
   
   Extensions. In the past, file name extensions have been significant in
   both Unix Pine and PC-Pine, but this has caused more problems than it
   solved. Therefore, on Unix Pine extensions no longer have any special
   meaning, and this is the trend for PC-Pine as well.
   
   By default, PC-Pine adds ".MTX" to the name of any local (PC) folders
   that are referenced, and suppresses the extension from the "Folder
   List" display. Now that PC-Pine can read more than one folder format,
   the MTX extension no longer implies a particular format, and is
   largely irrelevant. By using the folder_extension option, you can
   change this behavior. In particular, you may set folder-extension to
   the "null string" (a pair of double quotes) which tells PC-Pine to
   neither add nor hide-from-view any folder name extension.
   
   The reason you might wish to over-ride the MTX default is that recent
   versions of PC-Pine have the ability to open (albeit ReadOnly) normal
   Unix mail folders. Since it might be inconvenient to rename all of
   them to have an MTX extension, it is possible with this option to
   switch PC-Pine's behavior so that such folders can be seen and
   accessed without changing their names. However, doing this means that
   your existing PC-Pine local folders will have apparently changed their
   names. For example, if you had a local folder named "FOO" it will now
   appear in the "Folder List" as "FOO.MTX". If you wish to save
   additional messages to that folder, you will need to enter the full
   name, "FOO.MTX" at the Save prompt. Likewise for GoTo.
   
   If you wish to permanently avoid having to deal with folder name
   extensions, you will need to set this option to the null string by
   entering two double- quote marks, and you will need to rename your
   existing local folders to not have an MTX extension. In DOS this can
   be done in one command, once you have changed to your mail directory:
   RENAME *.MTX *.
   
   We don't know why you might wish to, but you could also use this
   option to tell PC-Pine to use an extension other than MTX. In this
   case, enter the three characters you desire to use in lieu of "MTX".
   Note that your existing folders will need to be renamed to correspond
   to this new extension.
   
   Berkeley Mail Format
          This format comes to us from the ancient UNIX mail program,
          /bin/mail. (Note that this doesn't have anything to do with
          Berkeley, but we call it the Berkeley mail file format anyway.)
          This program was actually used to interactively read mail at
          one time, and is still used on many systems as the local
          delivery agent. In the Berkeley mail format, a folder is a
          simple text file. Each message (including the first) must start
          with a separator line which takes approximately the form:
          
     From juser@u.example.edu Wed Aug 11 14:32:33 1993
   
          Each message ends with two blank lines. There are actually
          several different variations in the date part of the string,
          twenty at last count. Because of the format of the separators,
          lines in the mail message beginning with "From ", space
          included, risk being confused as message separator lines. Some
          mail programs will interpret any line beginning with "From " as
          a message separator, while others --including Pine-- will not
          be confused unless the line really looks like a message
          separator, complete with address and date. Such lines will be
          modified to begin with ">From ". In deference to other mail
          programs, you may also set the save-will-quote-leading-froms
          feature, in which case any line beginning with "From " will be
          modified as above. If you see this occasionally in incoming
          mail messages, the culprit is not Pine but the message delivery
          program being used at your site.
          You can fool Pine into thinking a file is a mail folder by
          copying a suitable message separator from a real folder to the
          beginning of the file and wherever you want message boundaries.
          The vast majority of INBOXes Pine reads and folders it writes
          are of this format.
   Tenex and MTX Formats
          Like the Berkeley format, the Tenex folder format uses a single
          file per folder. Historically, the name of Tenex-format folders
          ended with .txt, but this rule is no longer enforced. The file
          format consists of a header line followed by the message text
          for each message. The header is in one of two forms:
          
     dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss-zzz,n;ffffffffffff
     dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss sssss,n;ffffffffffff
   
          and is immediately followed by a newline (and the message
          text). The fields in the formats are:


        dd      two-digit day of month (leading space if a single-digit day)

        mmm     three-letter English month name (Jan, Feb, etc.)

        yy      two-digit year in 20th century (obsolete)

        yyyy    four-digit year

        hh      two-digit hour in 24-hour clock (leading zero if single-digit)

        mm      two-digit minute (leading zero)

        ss      two-digit second (leading zero)

        zzz     three-letter North American time zone (obsolete)

        sssss   signed four-digit international time zone as in RFC 822

        n       one or more digits of the size of the following message in

                bytes

        ffffffffffff

                twelve-digit octal flags value

   Punctuation is as given above.
   
          The time in the header is the time that message was written to
          the folder. The flags are interpreted as follows: the high
          order 30 bits are used to indicate user flags, the next two
          bits are reserved for future usage, the low four bits are used
          for system flags (010 = answered, 04 = flagged urgent, 02 =
          deleted, 01 = seen).
   
          If a Tenex-format (or empty) file named mail.txt exists in a
          Pine user's home directory, this triggers special processing in
          Pine. When INBOX is opened, mail is automatically moved from
          /usr/spool/mail into mail.txt in the user's home directory.
   
          The format used by PC-Pine is identical to the Tenex format,
          with two exceptions: the folder name ends with .MTX instead of
          .txt (this is a requirement in the MTX format), and DOS-style
          CR/LF newlines are used instead of UNIX-style LF newlines.
   Netnews Format
          The netnews format is a ReadOnly format which uses directories
          under /usr/spool/news as folders. The /usr/spool/news/ prefix
          is removed and all subsequent ``/'' (slash) characters are
          changed to ``.'' (period). For example, the netnews folder name
          comp.mail.misc refers to the directory name
          /usr/spool/news/comp/mail/misc. In addition, the news folder
          name must appear in the file /usr/lib/news/active for it to be
          recognized. Individual messages are stored as files in that
          directory, with file names being the ASCII form of a number
          assigned to that message. The default locations above can be
          changed with the config variables news-spool-directory
          
   and news-active-file-path.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Folder Locking

   There are two kinds of locking which Pine has to worry about. The
   first might be called program-contention locking. This affects the
   times when a program is performing actual updates on a folder. An
   update might be a message delivery program appending a message
   (sendmail delivering a message to an INBOX), status changes
   (checkpoints by Pine every few minutes) or deletion of messages (an
   expunge in Pine). For moderate sized mail messages, these operations
   should not last for more than a few seconds. The second kind of
   locking has to do with user-contention situations. This would be the
   case when one folder is shared by a group of people or even when one
   person starts multiple email sessions all of which access the same
   folders and INBOX.
   
   There are two standard locking mechanisms which handle
   program-contention locking. To be on the safe side, Pine implements
   both of them. The older mechanism places a file xxxx.lock (where xxxx
   is the name of the file being locked) in the same directory as the
   file being locked. This makes use of the fact that directory
   operations are atomic in UNIX and mostly works across NFS. There are
   involved algorithms used to determine if a lock has been held for an
   excessive amount of time and should be broken. The second
   program-contention locking mechanism uses the flock() system call on
   the mailbox. This is much more efficient and the locks can't get stuck
   because they go away when the process that created them dies. This is
   usually found on 4BSD and related machines.
   
   In addition to these, Pine--through the c-client library--provides
   robust locking which prevents several users (or several instances of
   the same user) having a mail file open (for update) at once. This
   user-contention lock is held the entire time that the folder is in
   use.
   
   With IMAPd 7.3(63) and Pine 3.84 and higher, the second Pine session
   which attempts to open a particular folder (usually INBOX) with Pine
   will ``win''. That is to say, the second session will have read/write
   access to the folder. The first user's folder will become read-only.
   (Note that this is exactly the opposite of the behavior prior to Pine
   3.84 where the second open was read-only. Having the latest open be
   read-write seems to match more closely with what users would like to
   have happen in this situation.) Pine's additional locking is only
   effective against multiple uses of Pine or other programs using the
   c-client library, such as MailManager, ms, IMAPd and a few others.
   Beginning with Pine 3.85, there is a -o command line flag to
   intentionally open a mailbox read-only.
   
   Pine locking on UNIX systems works by creating lock files in /tmp of
   the form \usr\spool\mail\joe. The system call flock() is then used on
   these files; the existence of the file alone does not constitute a
   lock. This lock is created when the folder is opened and destroyed
   when it is closed. When the folder is actually being written, the
   standard UNIX locks are also created.
   
   If a folder is modified by some other program while Pine has it open,
   Pine will give up on that mail file, concluding it's best not to do
   any further reads or writes. This can happen if another mailer that
   doesn't observe Pine's user-contention locks (e.g. elm or mail) is run
   while Pine has the mail folder open. Pine checkpoints files every few
   minutes, so little data can be lost in these situations.
   
   PC-Pine does not do any folder locking. It depends on IMAP servers to
   handle locking of remote folders. It is assumed that only one Pine
   session can be running on the PC at a time, so there is no contention
   issue around folders on the PC itself.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
INBOX and Special Folders

   The INBOX folder is treated specially. It is normally kept open
   constantly so that the arrival of new mail can be detected. The name
   INBOX refers to wherever new mail is retrieved on the system. If the
   inbox-path variable is set, then INBOX refers to that. IMAP servers
   understand the concept of INBOX, so specifying the folder
   {imap.u.example.edu}INBOX is meaningful. The case of the word INBOX is
   not important, but Pine tends to display it in all capital letters.
   
   The folders for sent mail and saved messages folders are also somewhat
   special. They are automatically created if they are absent and
   recreated if they are deleted.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Internal Help Files

   The file pine.hlp in the pine subdirectory of the distribution
   contains all the help text for Pine. On UNIX, it is compiled right
   into the Pine binary as strings. This is done to simplify installation
   and configuration. The pine.hlp file is in a special format that is
   documented at the beginning of the file. It is divided into sections,
   each with a name that winds up being referenced as a global variable.
   This file is processed by two awk scripts and turned into C files that
   are compiled into Pine.
   
   PC-Pine, which tries to run on machines with as little as 640k of
   memory, leaves the Pine help text out of the executable. PINE.EXE,
   PINE.HLP, and PINE.NDX are all needed for PC-Pine's help system.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
International Character Sets

   While Pine was designed in the U.S. and used mostly for
   English-language correspondence, it is a goal for Pine to handle email
   in almost any language. Many sites outside of the U.S. run Pine in
   their native language. The default character set for Pine is US-ASCII.
   That can be changed in the personal or system-wide configuration file
   with the variable character-set.
   
   When reading incoming email, Pine allows all character sets to pass
   through. Pine doesn't actually display the characters but simply
   passes them through; it is up to the actual display device to show the
   characters correctly. When composing email, Pine will accept input in
   any language and tag the message according to the character-set
   variable. Again, it is up to the input device to generate the correct
   sequences for the character set being used.
   
   With the exception of UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7, the outgoing message is
   checked to see if it is all US-ASCII text (and contains no escape
   characters). In that case, the text will be labeled as US-ASCII even
   if the character-set variable is set to something else. The theory is
   that every reasonable character set will have US-ASCII as a subset,
   and that it makes sense to label the text with the
   lowest-common-denominator label so that more mailers will be able to
   display it. Text in the UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 character set is never
   re-labeled as US-ASCII. If the outgoing message is not all US-ASCII
   text, then it will be labeled with the character-set variable set by
   the user. If the user has not set the character-set variable then it
   will be labeled as X-UNKNOWN-CHARSET.
   
   BUG: If you prepare a UNICODE-1-1 document and read it into the
   composer with ^R, Pine may mistreat it. If your document, when
   misviewed as 8-bit bytes, does not contain any individual bytes
   greater than 0x7f base 16, then Pine will re-label your outgoing
   message as US-ASCII, even if your message is really in Unicode
   Cyrillic, Arabic, or Thai. On the other hand, if your UNICODE-1-1,
   when misviewed as 8-bit bytes, does contain at least one individual
   byte greater than 0x7f base 16, as is likely for Unicode
   French/German/Spanish, Greek, Japanese, and Chinese, then Pine will
   retain the UNICODE-1-1 label.
   
   The character sets are:
   
     US-ASCII Standard 7 bit English characters
     ISO-8859-1 8 bit European "latin 1" character set
     ISO-8859-2 8 bit European "latin 2" character set
     ISO-8859-3 8 bit European "latin 3" character set
     ISO-8859-4 8 bit European "latin 4" character set
     ISO-8859-5 8 bit Latin and Cyrillic
     ISO-8859-6 8 bit Latin and Arabic
     ISO-8859-7 8 bit Latin and Greek
     ISO-8859-8 8 bit Latin and Hebrew
     ISO-8859-9 8 bit European "latin 5" character set
     ISO-8859-10 8 bit European "latin 6" character set
     KOI8-R 8 bit Latin and Russian
     VISCII 8 bit Latin and Vietnamese
     ISO-2022-JP Latin and Japanese
     ISO-2022-KR Latin and Korean
     UNICODE-1-1 Unicode
     UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 Mail-safe Unicode
     ISO-2022-JP-2 Multilingual
     
   Earlier versions of Pine made use of the character set tags associated
   with text in MIME to decide if the text should be displayed or not.
   Depending on the character set tag and the character-set variable in
   Pine, the text was either displayed as is, displayed with some
   characters filtered out, or not displayed at all. The current version
   uses a much simpler algorithm in order to maximize the chance that
   useful contents are readable by the user. It simply displays all
   messages of type text and makes no attempt to filter out characters
   that may be in the wrong character set. If the text is tagged as
   something other than US-ASCII and the tag does not match the character
   set that the character-set variable is set to, then a warning is
   printed at the start of the message. In that case, it is possible that
   the text will be displayed incorrectly. For example, if the text is
   one variant of ISO-8859 and the display device is another variant,
   some of the characters may show up on the screen as the wrong
   character. Or if the text is Japanese and the display device is not,
   some parts of the message may be total gibberish (which will look like
   ASCII gibberish). On the other hand, the parts of the Japanese message
   that really are US-ASCII will be readable in the midst of the
   gibberish.
   
   In the case of PC-Pine, the character values cannot be passed through
   to the display device unaltered since MS-DOS uses various non-standard
   character sets called "Code Pages".
   
   The mapping between DOS Code Page and standard character set is
   controlled by the character-set variable in the PINERC file and the
   PC's installed Code Page. PC-Pine will automatically map common
   characters in IBM Code Pages 437, 850, 860, 863, and 865 to ISO-8859-1
   and back when the PINERC has character-set=ISO-8859-1. Pine will also
   map common characters for IBM Code Page 866 to ISO-8859-5 and back
   when character-set=ISO-8859-5. The mappings are bi-directional, and
   applied to all saved text attachments in the defined character set,
   messages exported, etc.
   
   Alternatively, the translation tables can be configured externally and
   applied at run time whenever the character-set variable is set to
   something other then "US-ASCII" (the default). PC-Pine looks in the
   text file pointed to by the environment variable ISO_TO_CP for the
   table to use for mapping text matching the type defined by the
   character-set variable into the local Code Page value. PC-Pine looks
   in the text file pointed to by the environment variable CP_TO_ISO for
   the table to use for mapping text in the local Code Page into outbound
   text tagged with the character-set variable's value.
   
   A text file containing a character set mapping table is expected to
   contain 256 elements where each element is a decimal number separated
   from the next element by white-space (space, tab or newline, but no
   commas!). The index of the element is the character's value in the
   source character set, and the element's value is the corresponding
   character's value in the destination character set.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Interrupted and Postponed Messages

   If the user is composing mail and is interrupted by being disconnected
   (SIGHUP, SIGTERM or end of file on the standard input), Pine will save
   the interrupted composition and allow the user to continue it when he
   or she resumes Pine. As the next Pine session starts, a message will
   be given that an interrupted message can be continued. To continue the
   interrupted message, simply go into the composer. To get rid of the
   interrupted message, go into the composer and then cancel the message
   with ^C.
   
   Composition of half-done messages may be postponed to a later time by
   giving the ^O command. Other messages can be composed while postponed
   messages wait. All of the postponed messages are kept in a single
   folder. Postponing is a good way to quickly reference other messages
   while composing.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Message Status

   The c-client library allows for several flags or status marks to be
   set for each message. Pine uses four of these flags: UNSEEN, DELETED,
   ANSWERED, and FLAGGED. The N in Pine's FOLDER INDEX means that a
   message is unseen-it has not been read from this folder yet. The D
   means that a message is marked for deletion. Messages marked with D
   are removed when the user Expunges the folder (which usually happens
   when the folder is closed or the user quits Pine). The A in Pine's
   FOLDER INDEX means that the message has been replied-to. The * in
   Pine's FOLDER INDEX means that the message has been ``flagged'' as
   important. That is, the user used the Flag command to turn the FLAGGED
   flag on. This flag can mean whatever the user wants it to mean. It is
   just a way to mark some messages as being different from others. It
   will usually probably be used to mark a message as somehow being
   ``important''. For Berkeley format folders, the message status is
   written into the email folder itself on the header lines marked
   Status: and X-Status. In Tenex and PC-Pine's MTX folder formats, the
   status goes into the 36-bit octal flags.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
MIME: Reading a Message

   Pine should be able to handle just about any MIME message. When a MIME
   message is received, Pine will display a list of all the parts, their
   types and sizes. It will display the attachments when possible and
   appropriate and allow users to Save all other attachments.
   
   Starting with version 3.90, Pine honors the "mailcap" configuration
   system for specifying external programs for handling attachments. The
   mailcap file maps MIME attachment types to the external programs
   loaded on your system which can display and/or print the file. A
   sample mailcap file comes bundled with the Pine distribution. It
   includes comments which explain the syntax you need to use for
   mailcap. With the mailcap file, any program (mail readers,
   newsreaders, WWW clients) can use the same configuration for handling
   MIME-encoded data.
   
   If a MAILCAPSenvironment variable is defined, Pine will use that to
   look for one or more mailcap files, which are combined. In the absence
   of MAILCAPS, Unix Pine will look for a personal mailcap file in
   ~/.mailcap and combine that with a system-wide file in /etc/mailcap.
   PC-Pine will look for a file named MAILCAP in the same directory as
   the PINERC file, and/or the directory containing the PINE.EXE
   executable.
   
   Messages which include rich text or enriched text in the main body
   will be displayed in a very limited way (it will show bold and
   underlining).
   
   If Pine sees a MIME message part tagged as type IMAGE, and Pine's
   image-viewer configuration variable is set, Pine will attempt to send
   that attachment to the named image viewing program. In the case of
   UNIX Pine, the DISPLAY environment variable is checked to see if an
   X-terminal is being used (which can handle the images). If the
   image-viewer variable is not set, Pine uses the mailcap system to
   determine what to do with IMAGE types, just as it does for any other
   non-TEXT type, e.g. type APPLICATION. For MIME's generic "catch all"
   type, APPLICATION/OCTET-STREAM, the mailcap file will probably not
   specify any action, but Pine users may always Save any MIME attachment
   to a file.
   
   MIME type "text/plain" is handled a little bit differently than the
   other types. If you are viewing the main body part in the MESSAGE TEXT
   viewing screen, then Pine will use its internal viewer to display it.
   This happens even if there is a mailcap description which matches this
   particular type. If it is labeled as having a character set other than
   the one you are using, it will still be displayed by the internal
   viewer (perhaps incorrectly), though you will get a warning message
   prepended to the message in the viewing screen. However, if you view a
   part of type "text/plain" from the ATTACHMENT INDEX screen, then Pine
   will check the mailcap database for a matching entry and use it in
   preference to its internal viewer.
   
   Some text attachments, specifically those which are just other email
   messages forwarded as MIME messages, are displayed as part of the main
   body of the message. This distinction allows easy display when
   possible (the forward as MIME case) and use of an attachment viewer
   when that is desirable (the plain text file attachment case).
   
   If the parts of a multipart message are alternate versions of the same
   thing Pine will select and display the one best suited. For parts of
   type "message/external-body", the parameters showing the retrieval
   method will be displayed, and the retrieval process is automated.
   Messages of type "message/partial" are not currently supported.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
MIME: Sending a Message

   There are two important factors when trying to include an attachment
   in a message: encoding and labeling. Pine has rules for both of these
   which try to assure that the message goes out in a form that is robust
   and can be handled by other MIME mail readers.
   
   MIME has two ways of encoding data-Quoted-Printable and Base64.
   Quoted-Printable leaves the ASCII text alone and only changes 8-bit
   characters to "=" followed by the hex digits. For example, "=09" is a
   tab. It has the advantage that it is mostly readable and that it
   allows for end of line conversions between unlike systems. Base64
   encoding is similar to uuencode or btoa and just encodes a raw bit
   stream. This encoding is designed to get text and binary files through
   even the most improperly implemented and configured gateways intact,
   even those that distort uuencoded data.
   
   All attachments are encoded using Base64 encoding. This is so that the
   attachment will arrive at the other end looking exactly like it did
   when it was sent. Since Base64 is completely unreadable except by
   MIME-capable mailers or programs, there is an obvious tradeoff being
   made here. We chose to ensure absolutely reliable transport of
   attachments at the cost of requiring a MIME-capable mailer to read
   them. If the user doesn't want absolute integrity he or she may always
   include text (with the ^R command) in the body of a message instead of
   attaching it. With this policy, the only time quoted-printable
   encoding is used is when the main body of a message includes special
   foreign language characters.
   
   When an attachment is to be sent, Pine sniffs through it to try to set
   the right label (content-type and subtype). An attachment with any
   lines longer than 500 characters in it or more than 10% of the
   characters are 8-bit it will be considered binary data. Pine will
   recognize (and correctly label) a few special types including GIF,
   JPEG, PostScript, and some audio formats. Another method which can be
   more robust and flexible for determining the content-type and subtype
   is to base it on the file extension. This method uses a MIME.Types
   File.
   
   If it is not binary data (has only a small proportion of 8-bit
   characters in it,) the attachment is considered 8-bit text. 8-bit text
   attachments are labeled "text/plain" with charset set to the value of
   the user's character-set variable. If an attachment is ASCII (no 8-bit
   characters) and contains no ESCAPE, ^N, or ^O characters (the
   characters used by some international character sets), then it is
   considered plain ASCII text. Such attachments are given the MIME label
   "text/plain; charset=US-ASCII", regardless of the setting of the
   user's character-set variable.
   
   All other attachments are unrecognized and therefore given the generic
   MIME label "application/octet-stream".
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
New Mail Notification

   Pine checks for new mail in the INBOX and in the currently open folder
   every two and a half minutes by default. It used to be 30 seconds
   instead of 150 seconds, but we increased it in order to reduce the
   load on large systems with lots of Pine users. The value can be
   changed at compile-time in the pine/os.h file. This value can be
   changed with the variable mail-check-interval. A new mail check can be
   forced by redrawing the screen with a ^L.
   
   When there is new mail, the message(s) will appear in the index, the
   screen will beep, and a notice showing the sender and subject will be
   displayed. If there has been more than one new message since you last
   issued a command to Pine, the notice will show the count of new
   messages and the sender of the most recent one.
   
   Questions have arisen about the interaction between Pine and external
   mail notification routines (biff, csh, login). Firstly and
   unfortunately, we have found no PC based program that will check for
   email on an IMAP server when PC-Pine is not running. If you find one,
   please tell us.
   
   The UNIX case is more complicated. Pine sets the modification and
   access time on a file every time it performs a write operation (status
   change or expunge). You need to see which of these your email
   notification program is looking at to know how it will behave with
   Pine.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
NFS

   It is possible to access mail folders on NFS mounted volumes with
   Pine, but there are some drawbacks to doing this, especially in the
   case of incoming-message folders that may be concurrently updated by
   Pine and the system's mail delivery agent. One concern is that Pine's
   user-contention locks don't work because /tmp is usually not shared,
   and even if it was, flock() doesn't work across NFS.
   
   The implementation of the standard UNIX ".lock" file locking has been
   modified to work with NFS as follows. Standard hitching post locking
   is used so first a uniquely named file is created, usually something
   like xxxx.host.time.pid. Then a link to it is created named xxxx.lock
   where the folder being locked is xxxx. This file constitutes the lock.
   This is a standard UNIX locking scheme. After the link returns, a
   stat(2) is done on the file. If the file has two links, it is
   concluded that the lock succeeded and it is safe to proceed.
   
   In order to minimize the risks of locking failures via NFS, we
   strongly recommend using IMAP rather than NFS to access remote
   incoming message folders, e.g. your INBOX. However, it is generally
   safe to access personal saved-message folders via NFS since it is
   unlikely that more than one process will be updating those folders at
   any given time. Still, some problems may occur when two Pine sessions
   try to access the same mail folder from different hosts without using
   IMAP. Imagine the scenario: Pine-A performs a write that changes the
   folder. Pine-B then attempts to perform a write on the same folder.
   Pine-B will get upset that the file has been changed from underneath
   it and abort operations on the folder. Pine-B will continue to display
   mail from the folder that it has in its internal cache, but it will
   not read or write any further data. The only thing that will be lost
   out of the Pine-B session when this happens is the last few status
   changes.
   
   If other mail readers besides Pine are involved, all bets are off.
   Typically, mailers don't take any precautions against a user opening a
   mailbox more than once and no special precautions are taken to prevent
   NFS problems.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Printers and Printing

   UNIX Pine can print to the standard UNIX line printers or to generic
   printers attached to ANSI terminals using the escape sequences to turn
   the printer on and off. The user has a choice of three printers in the
   configuration.
   
   The first setting, attached-to-ansi, makes use of escape sequences on
   ANSI/VT100 terminals. It uses "<ESC>[5i" to begin directing all output
   sent to the terminal to the printer and then "<ESC>[4i" to return to
   normal. Pine will send these escape sequences if the printer is set to
   attached-to-ansi. This works with most ANSI/VT100 emulators on Macs
   and PCs such as kermit, NCSA telnet, VersaTerm Pro, and WinQVT.
   Various terminal emulators implement the print feature differently.
   For example, NCSA telnet requires "capfile = PRN" in the config.tel
   file. Attached-to-ansi printing doesn't work at all with the telnet
   provided with PC-NFS. There is also a closely related method called
   attached-to-ansi-no-formfeed which is the same except for the lack of
   formfeed character at the end of the print job.
   
   The second selection is the standard UNIX print command. The default
   is lpr, but it can be changed on a system basis to anything so desired
   in /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.
   
   The third selection is the user's personal choice for a UNIX print
   command. The text to be printed is piped into the command. Enscript or
   lpr with options are popular choices. The actual command is retained
   even if one of the other print selections is used for a while.
   
   Both the second and third sections are actually lists of possible
   commands rather than single commands.
   
   If you have a PostScript printer attached to a PC or Macintosh, then
   you will need to use a utility called ansiprt to get printouts on your
   printer. Ansiprt source code and details can be found in the ./contrib
   directory of the Pine distribution.
   
   The three printer choices are for UNIX Pine only. PC-Pine can only
   print to the locally attached printer. All printing on PC-Pine is done
   via ROM BIOS Print Services (Int 17h). After verifying the existence
   of a local printer via the BIOS Equipment-List Service (Int 11h), it
   simply sends the message text, character by character, to the first
   printer found using ASCII CR and LF at the end of lines and followed
   by an ASCII FF. Note, some system adjustments using the PC's "MODE"
   command may be required if the printer is not on the first parallel
   port. PC-Pine cannot generate PostScript, so printing to exclusively
   PostScript printers does not work.
   
   PC-Pine for Winsock uses the MS-Windows printer interface. A Pine
   print command will bring up a standard MS-Windows printer dialog box.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Save and Export

   Pine users get two options for moving messages in Pine: Save and
   Export. Save is used when the message should remain ``in the Pine
   realm.'' Saved messages include the complete header (including header
   lines normally hidden by Pine), are placed in a Pine folder collection
   and accumulate in a standard folder format which Pine can read. In
   contrast, the Export command is used to write the contents of a
   message to a file for use outside of Pine. Messages which have been
   exported are placed in the user's home directory (unless the feature
   use-current-dir is turned on), not in a Pine folder collection. Unless
   FullHeaderMode is toggled on, all delivery-oriented headers are
   stripped from the message. Even with Export, Pine retains message
   separators so that multiple messages can accumulate in a single file
   and subsequently be accessed as a folder. On UNIX systems, the Export
   command pays attention to the standard umask for the setting of the
   file permissions.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Sent Mail

   Pine's default behavior is to keep a copy of each outgoing message in
   a special "sent mail" folder. This folder is also called the fcc for
   "file carbon copy". The existence, location and name of the sent mail
   folder are all configurable. Sent mail archiving can be turned off by
   setting the configuration variable default-fcc="". The sent mail
   folder is assumed to be in the default collection for Saves, which is
   the first collection named in folder-collections. The name of the
   folder can be chosen by entering a name in default-fcc. With PC-Pine,
   this can be a bit complicated. If the default collection for Saves is
   local (DOS), then the default-fcc needs to be SENTMAIL, which is
   syntax for a DOS file. However, if the default collection for Saves is
   remote, then the default-fcc needs to be sent-mail to match the UNIX
   syntax.
   
   The configuration variable fcc-name-rule also plays a role in
   selecting the folder to save sent mail in.
   
   A danger here is that the sent mail could grow without bound. For this
   reason, we thought it useful to encourage the users to periodically
   prune their sent mail folder. The first time Pine is used each month
   it will offer to archive all messages sent from the month before. Pine
   also offers to delete all the sent mail archive folders which are more
   than 1 month old. If the user or system has disabled sent mail
   archiving (by setting the configuration variable default-fcc="") there
   will be no pruning question.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Spell Checker

   Spell checking is available for UNIX Pine only. We could not find an
   appropriate PC based spell checker to hook into PC-Pine. Even UNIX
   Pine depends on the system for its spell checking and dictionary.
   Pico, the text editor, uses the same spell checking scheme as Pine.
   
   Lines beginning with ">" (usually messages included in replies) are
   not checked. The message text to be checked is on the standard input
   and the incorrect words are expected on the standard output.
   
   The default spell checker is UNIX spell. You can replace this by
   setting the speller configuration variable. Pine also respects the
   environment variable SPELL. The spelling checker reads its words from
   a standard dictionary on the system. Below is a description,
   contributed by Bob Hurt, of how you can create your own personal
   dictionary with additional ``correct'' words.
   
   Step 1:
          Make a file with all the words you want to include in your new
          dictionary. I did mine with one word per line in alphabetical
          order. Caps don't matter at all, as far as I know.
   Step 2:
          At the UNIX prompt, type "cat [word file] | spellin
          /usr/dict/hlista > [new dict name]" where [word file] is the
          file you just created and [new dict name] is the name of the
          new dictionary that Pine will look at instead of the standard
          /usr/dict/hlista. I named my word file .bobwords and my
          dictionary .bobspell so I don't have to see them when I do a ls
          command (ls doesn't list "dot" files). I also put the above
          command into my .alias file as the command makedict so I can
          add a word to my word file and easily recreate my dictionary.
          NOTE: the new dictionary is in something called a "hashed"
          format, and can't be read normally.
   Step 3:
          Check your new dictionary. At the UNIX prompt, type "cat [word
          file] | spellout [new dict name]" If you did everything
          correctly, it should just give you another prompt. If it lists
          any of the words in your file, something is wrong. I can try to
          help if all else fails.
   Step 4:
          Now you have to tell UNIX to use your dictionary instead of the
          standard one by setting the environment variable SPELL to
          access your dictionary. Go into your .login or .cshrc file in
          your home directory (it doesn't seem to make a difference which
          one you use) and add the line
          
     setenv SPELL "spell -d [new dict name]"
   
          I also created an alias for SPELL in my .alias file so I can
          use the UNIX spell command to spell-check a file outside of
          Pine. (The .alias line is: alias spell 'spell -d [new dict
          name]')
   Step 5:
          Now you need to logoff and log back on to let UNIX look at your
          .login (or .cshrc) file.
          
   Here is an alternative method suggested by Zachary Leber:
   
   
          Create a list (e.g. .zachwords) with the upper case followed by
          lower case words, sorted alphabetically.
   
          Add this line to .cshrc:
          
     setenv SPELL 'spell +/home/ie/rsa/.zachwords'
   
          The limitation here is that the path must be absolute (e.g.
          +~/.zachwords doesn't work).
   
          My man pages for spell show this + flag to be an easy way to do
          the exception list. This way you don't have to bother with hash
          lists or rehashing, and it seems to work across several
          platforms.
          
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Terminal Emulation and Key Mapping

   Pine has been designed to require as little as possible from the
   terminal. At the minimum, Pine requires cursor positioning, clear to
   end of line, and inverse video. Unfortunately, there are terminals
   that are missing some of these such as a vt52. Pine makes no
   assumptions as to whether the terminal wraps or doesn't wrap. If the
   terminal has other capabilities it may use some of them. Pine won't
   run well on older terminals that require a space on the screen to
   change video attributes, such as the Televideo 925. One can get around
   this on some terminals by using "protected field" mode. The terminal
   can be made to go into protected mode for reverse video, and then
   reverse video is assigned to protected mode.
   
   Pine handles screens of most any size and resizing on the fly. It
   catches SIGWINCH and does the appropriate thing. A screen one line
   high will display only the new mail notification. Screens that are
   less than ten columns wide don't format very nicely or work well, but
   will function fine again once resized to something large. Pine sets an
   internal maximum screen size (currently 170x200) and decides to use
   either termcap or terminfo when it is compiled.
   
   On the input side of things, Pine uses all the standard keys, most of
   the control keys and (in function-key mode) the function keys. Pine
   avoids certain control keys, specifically ^S, ^Q, ^H, and ^\ because
   they have other meanings outside of Pine (they control data flow,
   etc.) ^H is treated the same as the delete key, so the backspace or
   delete keys always works regardless of any configuration. There is a
   feature compose-maps-delete-key-to-ctrl-d which makes the delete key
   behave like ^D rather than ^H (deletes current character instead of
   previous character).
   
   Sometimes a communications program or communications server in between
   you and the other end will eat certain control characters. There is a
   work-around when you need it. If you type two escape characters
   followed by a character that will be interpreted as the character with
   the control key depressed. For example, ESC ESC T is equivalent to ^T.
   
   When a function key is pressed and Pine is in regular (non-function
   key) mode, Pine traps escape sequences for a number of common function
   keys so users don't get an error message or have an unexpected command
   executed for each character in the function key's escape sequence.
   Pine expects the following escape sequences from terminals defined as
   VT100:
   
     ANSI/VT100
     F1: <ESC>OP
     F2: <ESC>OQ
     F3: <ESC>OR
     F4: <ESC>OS
     F5: <ESC>Op
     F6: <ESC>Oq
     F7: <ESC>Or
     F8: <ESC>Os
     F9: <ESC>Ot
     F10: <ESC>Ou
     F11: <ESC>Ov
     
   Arrow keys are a special case. Pine has the escape sequences for a
   number of conventions for arrow keys hard coded and does not use
   termcap to discover them. This is because termcap is sometimes
   incorrect, and because many users have PC's running terminal emulators
   that don't conform exactly to what they claim to emulate. In some
   versions of Pine before 4.00 there was a compile-time macro called
   TERMCAP_WINS which could be set to cause the termcap or terminfo
   definitions to be used instead of the built in definitions. Beginning
   with 4.00 there is a hidden runtime feature which can be turned on to
   accomplish the same thing. The feature is called
   termdef-takes-precedence and it can be set in any of the Pine
   configuration files. Some arrow keys on old terminals send single
   control characters like ^K (one even sends ^\). These arrow keys will
   not work with Pine. The most popular escape sequences for arrow keys
   are:
   
     Up: <ESC>[A <ESC>?x <ESC>A <ESC>OA
     Down: <ESC>[B <ESC>?r <ESC>B <ESC>OB
     Right: <ESC>[C <ESC>?v <ESC>C <ESC>OC
     Left: <ESC>[D <ESC>?t <ESC>D <ESC>OD
     
   It is possible to configure an NCD X-terminal so that some of the
   special keys operate. Brad Greer contributes these instructions:
   
   1.
          In your .Xdefaults file, include the following "translations",
          using lower hex values:
          
     Pine*VT100.Translations: #override \n\
     <Key>Delete: string(0x04) \n\
     <Key>End: string(0x05) \n\
     <Key>Escape: string(0x03) \n\
     <Key>Home: string(0x01) \n\
     <Key>Next: string(0x16) \n\
     <Key>Prior: string(0x19) \n\
     <Key>KP_Enter: string(0x18) \n\
   2.
          Start up Pine from an xterm, and specify a "resource name".
          This resource name will allow the user to specify resources for
          Pine (that deviate from the defaults). For example, xterm -name
          Pine -e pine & (the resource name Pine corresponds to the
          translations just added in the .Xdefaults file).

                      Notes for Porting and Modification
                                       
Porting Pine to Other Platforms

   Substantial effort has gone into making Pine/Pico portable. There are
   still, of course, a number of machine dependencies. Some of the ports
   are well-tested and some are untested. In particular, the most heavily
   used ports are the Ultrix, AIX, NeXT, Windows, and Dec Unix ports.
   
   Each platform is given a three letter name (see the file
   doc/pine-ports). Make up a new one for your new port. We've attempted
   to bring all potential platform dependencies into the files:
   {pico,pine}/osdep/os-xxx.h, {pico,pine}/osdep/os-xxx.ic, and
   {pico,pine}/makefile.xxx, where xxx is the three letter name of the
   port. Thus any new port will hopefully just result in new versions of
   these files and some notes for the pine-ports file. There are separate
   dependencies in the c-client source, but that is handled in separate
   documentation there. Regrettably, the source code is also full of
   instances of ifdef DOS. Most of these are due to memory limit problems
   on DOS as opposed to actual system dependencies.
   
   The makefiles are kept as simple and straight-forward as possible,
   because many previous attempts at automatically figuring out what to
   do seem to have become complex and ineffective in what they set out to
   do: which is to make compiling and installing the program easy. Each
   port is for a specific hardware/software platform, also because past
   attempts to generalize on versions of Unix or some CPU architecture
   don't seem to have gained much. Thus, there is a separate makefile for
   each platform that calls the appropriate compiler and linker with the
   appropriate flags. Most of these makefiles are pretty similar. The
   makefile also specifies which of the os-xxx.c and os-xxx.h files to
   use. It is the root from which most platform dependencies are
   selected. In most cases the makefile also defines a symbol named after
   the platform on which there can be dependencies in the source code,
   though we've tried to minimize relying on this where reasonable. When
   different "ports" are very similar, it is sometimes possible to use
   the same pine code (for example) with only a small change in the
   c-client or pico code. In those cases, that kind of dependency is
   reflected in the top-level build script. The build script can usually
   be used to invoke the various makes correctly. It may set some
   variables before running make so look to see what build does before
   trying a make in one of the subdirectories. This is especially true if
   LDAP is being included.
   
   It is almost always easier to start with an existing port when trying
   to port to a new system. There is a port called gen (generic) which
   may be a good starting point. On the other hand, if another port is
   close to what you want, start with it instead.
   
   The file pico/osdep/os-xxx.h contains most of the general platform
   dependent #include's and #defines. There are a number of Pine
   configuration settings that are defined in pine/osdep/os-xxx.h, as
   well, such as the place it looks for certain files, defaults for the
   printer and folder names, the maximum screen size, and so on. Start by
   looking at the generic pico/osdep/os-gen.h file and comparing it to
   some of the specific os-xxx.h files there.
   
   The osdep/os-xxx.c files contain functions that are potentially
   platform dependent. Again, the idea is to gather all the dependencies
   in one place. We use a complicated looking method to produce the
   os-xxx.c files from a set of included files. Each included file
   usually contains a single implementation method and we've found that
   there are usually only two or three different methods in the ports
   we've done so far. Hopefully, coming up with an os-xxx.c for a new
   port will usually be a matter of including the right set of these
   already written functions. This is done by writing a new os-xxx.ic
   file in the osdep subdirectories. Starting with the generic os-gen.ic,
   as you did with the os-gen.h file above, may be a useful strategy.
   
   We strongly encourage that no changes be made to the general source
   when porting and that all changes be contained in the system dependent
   files if possible. The object is to maintain source code integrity and
   assimilate ports to new platforms rapidly. The more conventional way
   to do this is with a large collection of #ifdefs. The problem with
   this is that adding a port for a new platform implies changing the
   source code for all the other platforms and thereby risks breaking
   them. (We readily admit that there are still too many ifdefs in the
   code.)
   
   If you do port Pine to a new platform we hope that you will send us
   the changes required so that we may attempt to include it in a later
   release. Thanks!
   
     _________________________________________________________________
                                      
Test Checklist

   The following is a checklist of some things to check when testing a
   new port:
   
   ___
          Sending mail, check that headers are correct
   ___
          Sending mail with attachments
   ___
          Sending mail with SMTP server
   ___
          Sending mail without SMTP server
   ___
          Sending mail with list of two SMTP servers, first one doesn't
          answer
   ___
          Replying to and forwarding a message
   ___
          Postponing messages under composition
   ___
          Composer operations
   ___
          Alternate editor, enable-alternate-editor-implicitly
   ___
          Make sure local user names are expanded
   ___
          Test spelling checker
   ___
          Catching of SIGHUP while message is being composed
   ___
          Setting of variables in .pinerc
   ___
          New mail notification. Should happen with Pine idle to check
          timeouts
   ___
          Reading mail (attachments, MIME, MIME with mailcap viewers)
   ___
          Deleting, undeleting, expunging, sorting
   ___
          Expunge to empty folder
   ___
          Make sure that ~ expansion works in config files
   ___
          Make sure that $VAR expansion works in config files
   ___
          Save message to folder, check error conditions such as
          permission denied
   ___
          Export message with FullHeaderMode on and off
   ___
          Checkpointing (see the section on checkpointing)
   ___
          Open IMAP and RIMAP folders
   ___
          Default-fcc on remote IMAP server
   ___
          Fcc-name-rule, fcc in addrbook (while composing)
   ___
          Test opening bogus folders: invalid format, no permission
   ___
          Open a USENET news group, list in folder-lister, read news,
          post news
   ___
          Command line arguments
   ___
          Change password
   ___
          Lock keyboard
   ___
          Address book operations (edit, delete, add, lists, whereis,
          composeto)
   ___
          ReadOnly address book
   ___
          Look at addrbook, change addrbook-sort-rule in Config, go back
          to addrbook screen
   ___
          No permission to write in same directory as addrbook, should
          create addrbook.lu in a temp directory
   ___
          Multiple address books
   ___
          Address book loops from one addrbook to another and back
   ___
          TakeAddr command with one address, with multiple addresses
   ___
          TakeAddr command with ReadOnly address books
   ___
          TakeAddr command with one of two address books ReadOnly
   ___
          Send mail with empty address book
   ___
          Config Screen operation, does pinerc get written?
   ___
          Make sure SIGTSTP, ^Z works
   ___
          Sent-mail pruning (set back last-time-prune-questioned
          variable)
   ___
          Printing using all three printer configurations, various
          screens
   ___
          View help text and news
   ___
          Folder list operations (rename, create, delete...)
   ___
          Saved-msg-name-rule
   ___
          Screen redrawing in various screens (^L)
   ___
          Window resizing in various screens
   ___
          Error messages for incorrect terminal types (try "foo" and
          "vt52")
   ___
          Reading of /usr/local/lib/pine.conf
   ___
          Fixing variables and features in /usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed
   ___
          Flag command (check message status changed in mail folder)
   ___
          Initial-keystroke-list
   ___
          Aggregate operations (save, delete, export, takeaddr, ...)
   ___
          Build xxx from scratch, build clean
