pine(1)

NAME
pine - a Program for Internet News and Email

SYNTAX
pine [ options ] [ address , address ] pinef [ options ] [ address , address ]

DESCRIPTION
Pine is a screen-oriented message-handling tool. In its default configuration, Pine offers an intentionally limited set of functions geared toward the novice user, but it also has a growing list of optional "power-user" and personal-preference features. pinef is a variant of Pine that uses function keys rather than mnemonic single-letter commands. Pine's basic feature set includes:

    View, Save, Export, Delete, Print, Reply and Forward messages.

    Compose messages in a simple editor (Pico) with word-wrap and a spelling checker. Messages may be postponed for later completion.

    Full-screen selection and management of message folders.

    Address book to keep a list of long or frequently-used addresses. Personal distribution lists may be defined. Addresses may be taken into the address book from incoming mail without retyping them.

    New mail checking and notification occurs automatically every 2.5 minutes and after certain commands, e.g. refresh-screen (Ctrl-L).

    On-line, context-sensitive help screens.

Pine supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), an Internet Standard for representing multipart and multimedia data in email. Pine allows you to save MIME objects to files, and in some cases, can also initiate the correct program for viewing the object. It uses the system's mailcap configuration file to determine what program can process a particular MIME object type. Pine's message composer does not have integral multimedia capability, but any type of data file --including multimedia-- can be attached to a text message and sent using MIME's encoding rules. This allows any group of individuals with MIME-capable mail software (e.g. Pine, PC-Pine, or many other programs) to exchange formatted documents, spread-sheets, image files, etc, via Internet email.

Pine uses the c-client messaging API to access local and remote mail folders. This library provides a variety of low-level message-handling functions, including drivers for a variety of different mail file formats, as well as routines to access remote mail and news servers, using IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) and NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol). Outgoing mail is usually handed-off to the Unix sendmail, program but it can optionally be posted directly via SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).

OPTIONS
The command line options/arguments are:

address
    Send mail to address. This will cause Pine to go directly into the message composer.

-a  Special anonymous mode for UWIN*

-c context-number
    context-number is the number corresponding to the folder-collection to which the -f command line argument should be applied. By default the -f argument is applied to the first defined folder-collection.

-d debug-level
    Output diagnostic info at debug-level (0-9) to the current .pine-debug[1-4] file. A value of 0 turns debugging off and suppresses the .pine-debug file.

-d key[=val]
    Fine tuned output of diagnostic messages where "flush" causes debug file writing without buffering, "timestamp" appends each message with a timestamp, "imap=n" where n is between 0 and 4 representing none to verbose IMAP telemetry reporting, "numfiles=n" where n is between 0 and 31 corresponding to the number of debug files to maintain, and "verbose=n" where n is between 0 and 9 indicating an inverse threshold for message output.

-f folder
    Open folder (in first defined folder collection) instead of INBOX.

-F file
    Open named text file and view with Pine's browser.

-h  Help: list valid command-line options.

-i  Start up in the FOLDER INDEX screen.

-I keystrokes
    Initial (comma separated list of) keystrokes which Pine should execute on startup.

-k  Use function keys for commands. This is the same as running the command pinef.

-n number
    Start up with current message-number set to number.

-nr Special mode for UWIN*

-o  Open first folder read-only.

-p config-file
    Use config-file as the personal configuration file instead of the default .pinerc.

-P config-file
    Use config-file as the configuration file instead of default system-wide configuration file pine.conf.

-r  Use restricted/demo mode. Pine will only send mail to itself and functions like save and export are restricted.

-z  Enable ^Z and SIGTSTP so pine may be suspended.

-conf
    Produce a sample/fresh copy of the system-wide configuration file, pine.conf, on the standard output. This is distinct from the per-user .pinerc file.

-create_lu addrbook sort-order
    Creates auxiliarly index (look-up) file for addrbook and sorts addrbook in sort-order, which may be dont-sort, nickname, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, or fullname-with-lists-last. Useful when creating global or shared address books. After creating the index file in this way, the file should be moved or copied in a way which preserves the mtime of the address book file. The mtime of the address book file at the time the index file was built is stored inside the index file and a comparison between that stored value and the current mtime of the address book file is done when somebody runs pine. If the mtime has changed since the index file was made, then pine will want to rebuild the index file. In other words, don't build the index file with this option and then copy the address book to its final destination in a way which changes the file's mtime.

-pinerc file
    Output fresh pinerc configuration to file.

-sort order
    Sort the FOLDER INDEX display in one of the following orders: arrival, subject, from, date, size, orderedsubj or reverse. Arrival order is the default. The OrderedSubj choice simulates a threaded sort. Any sort may be reversed by adding /reverse to it. Reverse by itself is the same as arrival/reverse.

-option=value
    Assign value to the config option option e.g. -signature-file=sig1 or -feature-list=signature-at-bottom (Note: feature-list values are additive)

* UWIN = University of Washington Information Navigator

CONFIGURATION
There are several levels of Pine configuration. Configuration values at a given level over-ride corresponding values at lower levels. In order of increasing precedence:
 o built-in defaults.
 o system-wide pine.conf file.
 o personal .pinerc file (may be set via built-in Setup/Config menu.)
 o command-line options.
 o system-wide pine.conf.fixed file. There is one exception to the rule that configuration values are replaced by the value of the same option in a higher-precedence file: the feature-list variable has values that are additive, but can be negated by prepending "no-" in front of an individual feature name. Unix Pine also uses the following environment variables:
  TERM
  DISPLAY (determines if Pine can display IMAGE attachments.)
  SHELL (if not set, default is /bin/sh )
  MAILCAPS (semicolon delimited list of path names to mailcap files)

FILES
/usr/spool/mail/xxxx    Default folder for incoming mail.
~/mail    Default directory for mail folders.
~/.addressbook    Default address book file.
~/.addressbook.lu    Default address book index file.
~/.pine-debug[1-4]    Diagnostic log for debugging.
~/.pinerc    Personal pine config file.
~/.newsrc    News subscription/state file.
~/.signature    Default signature file.
~/.mailcap    Personal mail capabilities file.
~/.mime.types    Personal file extension to MIME type mapping
/etc/mailcap    System-wide mail capabilities file.
/etc/mime.types    System-wide file ext. to MIME type mapping
/usr/local/lib/pine.info    Local pointer to system administrator.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf    System-wide configuration file.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed     Non-overridable configuration file.
/tmp/.\usr\spool\mail\xxxx    Per-folder mailbox lock files.
~/.pine-interrupted-mail    Message which was interrupted.
~/mail/postponed-msgs    For postponed messages.
~/mail/sent-mail    Outgoing message archive (FCC).
~/mail/saved-messages    Default destination for Saving messages.

SEE ALSO
pico(1), binmail(1), aliases(5), mailaddr(7), sendmail(8), spell(1), imapd(8)
Newsgroup: comp.mail.pine
Pine Information Center: http://www.washington.edu/pine
Source distribution: ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/pine/pine.tar.Z
Pine Technical Notes, included in the source distribution.
C-Client messaging API library, included in the source distribution.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The University of Washington Pine development team (part of the UW Office
of Computing & Communications) includes:

 Project Leader:           Mike Seibel.
 Principal authors:        Mike Seibel, Steve Hubert, Laurence Lundblade.
 C-Client library & IMAPd: Mark Crispin.
 Pico, the PIne COmposer:  Mike Seibel.
 Bug triage, user support: David Miller.
 Port integration:         David Miller.
 Documentation:            David Miller, Stefan Kramer, Kathryn Sharpe.
 PC-Pine for DOS:          Mike Seibel.
 PC-Pine for Windows:      Tom Unger.
 Project oversight:        Terry Gray.
 Principal Patrons:        Ron Johnson, Mike Bryant.
 Additional support:       NorthWestNet.
 Initial Pine code base:   Elm, by Dave Taylor & USENET Community Trust.
 Initial Pico code base:   MicroEmacs 3.6, by Dave G. Conroy.
 User Interface design:    Inspired by UCLA's "Ben" mailer for MVS.
 Suggestions/fixes/ports:  Folks from all over!
Copyright 1989-1996 by the University of Washington.
Pine and Pico are trademarks of the University of Washington.
98.05.06