# Configurazione dell'ambiente grafico

Questo capitolo descrive come usare gli strumenti di preferenze per personalizzare lo GNOME Desktop.

Uno strumento di preferenze è una piccola applicazione che consente di cambiare delle impostazioni nello GNOME Desktop. Ciascuno strumento è relazionato a un particolare aspetto del computer. Per esempio, con lo strumento di preferenze Mouse è possibile impostare il mouse per l'uso con la mano destra o sinistra, oppure cambiare la velocità del puntatore sullo schermo. Con lo strumento di preferenze Finestre è possibile impostare il comportamento comune a tutte le finestre come ad esempio il modo in cui è possibile selezionarle col mouse.

Per aprire uno strumento di preferenze, scegliere Sistema Preferenze nella barra dei menù del pannello superiore. Scegliere poi sullo strumento richiesto dal sottomenù.

Tranne poche eccezioni, i cambiamenti apportati alle impostazioni in uno strumento di preferenze hanno effetto immediato, senza la necessità di chiudere lo strumento stesso. È possibile mantenere aperta la finestra dello strumento di preferenze mentre si provano i cambiamenti, così da applicare ulteriori modifiche secondo necessità.

È possibile che alcune applicazioni o componenti di sistema aggiungano dei propri strumenti di preferenze al menù.

Some preference tools let you modify essential parts of your system, and therefore require administrative access. When you open the preference tool, a dialog box will prompt you for your password. These are in the System Administration submenu. This menu also contains more complex utility applications for managing and updating your system.

## Personale

### Preferenze della foto per il login

Lo strumento di preferenze Foto per il login consente di cambiare l'immagine mostrata nella schermata di login.

Dallo strumento di preferenze Foto per il login selezionare una immagine da mostrare nella schermata di login. Digitare il percorso per la cartella da cui selezionare l'immagine. In alternativa, fare clic sul Esplora per mostrare un dialogo da cui selezionare una immagine da mostrare come propria fotografia e fare clic su OK.

### Preferenze delle tecnologie assistive

Usare lo strumento di preferenze Tecnologie assistive per abilitare le tecnologie assistive nello GNOME Desktop. È anche possibile usare lo strumento di preferenze Tecnologie assistive per specificare le applicazioni di tecnologie assistive da avviare automaticamente al login.

In sono elencate le preferenze di tecnologie assistive che è possibile modificare.

#### Preferenze delle tecnologie assistive

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Abilitare le tecnologie assistive | Selezionare questa opzione per abilitare le tecnologie assistive nello GNOME Desktop.
Lettore schermo | Selezionare questa opzione avviare automaticamente al login l'applicazione Lettore schermo
Ingranditore | Selezionare questa opzione avviare automaticamente al login l'applicazione Ingranditore
Tastiera a schermo | Selezionare questa opzione avviare automaticamente al login l'applicazione Tastiera a schermo

### Preference di accessibilità della tastiera

The Keyboard Accessibility preference tool allows you to set options such as filtering out accidental keypresses, using the keyboard as a substitute for the mouse, and using shortcut keys without having to hold down several keys at once. The Keyboard accessibility preference tool is also known as AccessX.

This section describes each of the preferences you can set. For a more task-oriented description of keyboard accessibility, see the GNOME Desktop Accessibility Guide.

To open the Keyboard Accessibility preference tool, do one of the following:

- From the Main Menu, choose System Preferences Accessibility Keyboard.

- In the Keyboard preference tool, click the Accessibility button.

You can customize the preferences for the keyboard accessibility in the following functional areas:

- Basic

- Filters

- Mouse

#### Basic Preferences

lists the basic keyboard accessibility preferences that you can modify.

##### Preference di accessibilità della tastiera

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Enable keyboard accessibility features | Select this option to enable keyboard accessibility features. When you select this option, the other options in the preference tool become available.

Disable if unused for

Select this option to deactivate keyboard accessibility preferences if the keyboard is not used for a specified period of time. Use the slider to specify the number of seconds of keyboard idle time required before the system disables the keyboard accessibility preferences. When the specified number of seconds elapses, the following keyboard accessibility preferences are disabled:

- Bounce keys

- Mouse keys

- Slow keys

- Sticky keys

- Toggle keys

Beep when features turned on or off from keyboard | Select this option for an audible indication when a feature such as sticky keys or slow keys is activated, or deactivated.
Import Feature Settings | Click on this button to import an AccessX configuration file.

Enable Sticky Keys

Select this option to perform multiple simultaneous keypress operations by pressing the keys in sequence. Alternatively, to enable the sticky keys feature, press Shift five times.

You can set the following sticky keys preferences:

- Beep when modifier is pressed: Select this option for an audible indication when you press a modifier key.

- Disable if two keys pressed together: Select this option to specify that when you press two keys simultaneously, you can no longer press keys in sequence to perform multiple simultaneous keypresses.

Enable Repeat Keys

Select this option to enable the autorepeat settings for your keyboard. You can set the following autorepeat preferences:

- Delay: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the interval to wait after the first keypress before the automatic repeat of a pressed key.

- Speed: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the number of characters per second to enter.

Type to test settings | The test area is an interactive interface so you can see how the keyboard settings affect the display as you type. Type text in the test area to test the effect of your settings.

For more information on configuring keyboard accessibility preferences, see the GNOME Desktop Accessibility Guide.

#### Filter Preferences

lists the filter preferences that you can modify.

##### Filter Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Enable keyboard accessibility features | Select this option to enable keyboard accessibility features. When you select this option, the other options in the preference tool become available.

Enable Slow Keys

Select this option to control the period of time that you must press-and-hold a key before acceptance. Alternatively, to enable the slow keys feature, press-and-hold Shift for eight seconds.

You can set the following slow keys preferences:

- Only accept keys held for: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the period of time that you must press-and-hold a key before acceptance.

- Beep when key is: Select the appropriate option or options for an audible indication when a key is pressed, accepted, or rejected.

Enable Bounce Keys

Select this option to accept a key input and to control the key repeat characteristics of the keyboard. You can set the following bounce keys preferences:

- Ignore duplicate keypresses within: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the interval to wait after the first keypress before the automatic repeat of a pressed key.

- Beep if key is rejected: Select this option for an audible indication of key rejection.

Enable Toggle Keys | Select this option for an audible indication of a toggle keypress. You hear one beep when a toggle key is turned on. You hear two beeps when a toggle key is turned off.
Type to test settings | The test area is an interactive interface so you can see how the keyboard settings affect the display as you type. Type text in the test area to test the effect of your settings.

For more information on configuring keyboard accessibility preferences, see the GNOME Desktop Accessibility Guide.

#### Mouse Preferences

lists the mouse preferences that you can modify.

##### Mouse Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Enable keyboard accessibility features | Select this option to enable keyboard accessibility features. When you select this option, the other options in the preference tool become available.

Enable Mouse Keys

Select this option to make the numeric keypad emulate mouse actions. The list of keys and their equivalences is in the GNOME Desktop Accessibility Guide under the heading To Enable the Keyboard to Emulate the Mouse.

You can set the following mouse key preferences:

- Maximum pointer speed: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the maximum speed that the pointer moves across the screen.

- Time to accelerate to maximum speed: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the duration of the acceleration time of the pointer.

- Delay between keypress and pointer movement: Use the slider or the spin box to specify the period of time that must pass after a keypress before the pointer moves.

Mouse Preferences | Click on this button to open the Mouse preference tool.

For more information on configuring keyboard accessibility preferences, see the GNOME Desktop Accessibility Guide.

### Preferenze di scorciatoie da tastiera

Usare lo strumento di preferenze Scorciatoie da tastiera per personalizzare le scorciatoie da tastiera predefinite in base alle proprie esigenze.

Una scorciatoia da tastiera è un tasto o una combinazione di tasti che fornisce un'alternativa al normale modo di compiere un'azione. Per maggiori informazioni sulle scorciatoie da tastiera e per un elenco delle scorciatoie predefinite in GNOME, consultare .

Per modificare una scorciatoia da tastiera, procedere come segue:

1. Fare clic sull'azione nell'elenco. Se si sta usando la tastiera, usare i tasti freccia per selezionare la scorciatoia, poi premere Invio.

2. Premere il nuovo tasto o la nuova combinazione di tasti da assegnare all'azione.

   Per pulire una scorciatoia, premere Backspace. L'azione viene contrassegnata come Disabilitata.

Per annullare l'assegnazione di una scorciatoia, fare clic su una qualunque altra area della finestra oppure premere Esc.

Le scorciatoie che è possibile personalizzare sono raggruppate come segue:

Scrivania

  Sono scorciatoie relative all'intero ambiente grafico, come terminare la sessione, bloccare lo schermo, aprire la barra dei menù del pannello oppure avviare un browser web.

Audio

  Scorciatoie per controllare il lettore musicale e il volume di sistema.

Gestione finestre

  Scorciatoie per operare con le finestre e le aree di lavoro, come la massimizzazione o lo spostamento della finestra in uso e il passaggio a un'altra area di lavoro. Per maggiori informazioni su questo tipo di azioni, consultare e .

### Applicazioni preferite

Use the Preferred Applications preference tool to specify the applications that you want the GNOME Desktop to use when the GNOME Desktop starts an application for you. For example, you can specify Xterm as your preferred terminal application. When you open the System menu then choose Open Terminal, Xterm starts.

You can customize the preferences for the Preferred Applications preference tool in the following functional areas.

- Web Browser

- Mail Reader

- Text Editor

- Terminal

#### Web Browser Preferences

Use the Web Browser tabbed section to configure your preferred web browser. The preferred web browser opens when you click on a URL. For example, the preferred web browser opens when you select a URL in an application, or when you select a URL launcher on the desktop.

lists the preferred web browser preferences that you can modify.

##### Preferred Web Browser Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Select a Web Browser | Select this option if you want to use a standard web browser. Use the drop-down combination box to select your preferred web browser.
Custom Web Browser | Select this option if you want to use a custom web browser.
Comando | Enter the command to execute to start the custom web browser. To enable the browser to display a URL that you click on, include `"%s"` after the command.
Start in Terminal | Select this option to run the command in a terminal window. Select this option for a browser that does not create a window in which to run.

#### Email Client Preferences

Use the Mail Reader tabbed section to configure your preferred email client.

lists the preferred email client preferences that you can modify.

##### Preferred Email Client Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Select a Mail Reader | Select this option if you want to use a standard email client. Use the drop-down combination box to select your preferred email client.
Custom Mail Reader | Select this option if you want to use a custom email client.
Comando | Enter the command to execute to start the custom email client.
Start in Terminal | Select this option to run the command in a terminal window. Select this option for an email client that does not create a window in which to run.

#### Text Editor Preferences

Use the Text Editor tabbed section to configure your preferred text editor.

lists the preferred text editor preferences that you can modify.

##### Preferred Text Editor Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Select an Editor | Select this option if you want to use a standard text editor. Use the drop-down combination box to specify your preferred text editor.

Custom Editor

Select this option if you want to use a custom text editor. A Custom Editor Properties dialog is displayed.

- Name: Type the name of the custom text editor.

- Command: Enter the command to start the custom text editor.

- This application can open multiple files: Select this option if the default text editor can open multiple files.

- This application needs to be run in a shell: Select this option to run the command in a terminal window. Select this option for an editor that does not create a window in which to run.

After you specify a custom text editor, you can click on the Properties button to display the Custom Editor Properties dialog. You can use the dialog to modify the properties of the custom text editor.

Use this editor to open text files in the file manager | Select this option if you want the file manager to start the custom text editor to display text files.

#### Terminal Preferences

Use the Terminal tabbed section to configure your preferred terminal.

lists the preferred terminal preferences that you can modify.

##### Preferred Terminal Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Select a Terminal | Select this option if you want to use a standard terminal. Use the drop-down combination box to specify your preferred terminal.
Custom Terminal | Select this option if you want to use a custom terminal.
Comando | Enter the command to execute to start the custom terminal.
Exec Flag | Enter the `exec` option to use with the command.

## Look and Feel

### Preferenze dello sfondo della scrivania

Lo sfondo della scrivania è l'immagine o il colore che è applicato alla propria scrivania. È possibile aprire Preferenze dello sfondo della scrivania facendo clic col tasto destro sulla scrivania e scegliendo Cambia sfondo scrivania, così come dal menù Sistema Preferenze.

È possibile personalizzare lo sfondo della scrivania nei modi seguenti:

- Selezionare un'immagine per lo sfondo della scrivania. L'immagine è sovraimposta al colore dello sfondo della scrivania. Il colore dello sfondo della scrivania è visibile se si seleziona un'immagine trasparente, o se l'immagine non copre l'intera scrivania.

- Selezionare un colore per lo sfondo della scrivania. È possibile selezionare un colore a tinta unita, oppure creare un effetto gradiente con due colori. Un effetto gradiente è un effetto visivo in cui cui in colore mescola gradualmente ad un altro colore.

È anche possibile trascinare un colore o un motivo per la scrivania dal dialogo Sfondi e simboli nel file manager Nautilus.

In sono elencate le preferenze dello sfondo che è possibile modificare.

#### Preferenze dello sfondo della scrivania

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Rivestimento della scrivania | Scegliere un'immagine dall'elenco. In alternativa è possibile selezionare Aggiungi rivestimento per scegliere una qualsiasi immagine sul proprio computer.

Stile

Per specificare come visualizzare l'immagine, selezionare un delle seguenti opzioni dall'elenco a discesa stile:

- Centrata: visualizza l'immagine in mezzo alla scrivania.

- Riempi schermo: allarga l'immagine per coprire la scrivania e mantiene le dimensioni relative dell'immagine.

- Scalata: allarga l'immagine fino a che l'immagine non raggiunge i bordi dello schermo e mantiene le dimensioni relative dell'immagine.

- Tiled: Enlarges the image until the image meets the screen edges, and maintains the relative dimensions of the image.

Aggiungi rivestimento | Fare clic su Aggiungi rivestimento per cercare un'immagine nel proprio computer. Viene mostrato un normale selettore di file. Scegliere l'immagine desiderata e fare clic su Apri.
Rimuovi | Scegliere il rivestimento della scrivania che si desidera rimuovere, quindi fare clic su Rimuovi. In questo modo viene rimossa l'immagine dell'elenco dei rivestimenti disponibili; ad ogni modo non viene eliminata l'immagine dal computer.

Colori della scrivania

Per specificare uno schema di colore, usare l'opzione nell'elenco a discesa Stile dello sfondo e il pulsante selettore di colore.

È possibile specificare uno schema di colore in uno dei seguenti modi:

- Choose Solid color from the Background Style drop-down list to specify a single color for the desktop background.

  To choose the color that you require, click on the Color button. The Pick a Color dialog is displayed. Choose a color, then click OK.

- Choose Horizontal gradient from the Background Style drop-down list. This option creates a gradient effect from the left screen edge to the right screen edge.

  Click on the Left Color button to display the Pick a Color dialog. Choose the color that you want to appear at the left edge.

  Click on the Right Color button. Choose the color that you want to appear at the right edge.

- Choose Vertical gradient from the Background Style drop-down list. This creates a gradient effect from the top screen edge to the bottom screen edge.

  Click on the Top Color button to display the Pick a Color dialog. Choose the color that you want to appear at the top edge.

  Click on the Bottom Color button. Choose the color that you want to appear at the bottom edge.

### Font Preferences

Use the Font preference tool to choose which fonts are used in different parts of the desktop, and the way in which fonts are displayed on the screen.

#### Choosing Fonts

The font selector button shows the name of the font and its point size. The name is also shown in bold, italic, or regular type.

To change the font, click the font selector button. The font picker dialog opens. Select the font family, style, and point size from the lists. The preview area shows your current choice. Click OK to accept the change and update the desktop.

You can choose fonts for the following parts of the desktop:

Application font

  This font is used in the menus, toolbars, and dialog boxes of applications.

Document font

  This font is used to display documents in applications.

  In some applications, you can override this choice in the application's preferences dialog.

Desktop font

  This font is used in icon labels on the desktop.

Window title font

  This font is used in the titlebars of windows.

Fixed width font

  This font is used in the Terminal application and applications to do with programming.

#### Font Rendering

You can set the following options relating to how fonts are displayed on the screen:

Font Rendering

  To specify how to render fonts on your screen, select one of the following options:

  - Monochrome: Renders fonts in black and white only. The edges of characters might appear jagged in some cases because the characters are not antialiased. Antialiasing is an effect that is applied to the edges of characters to make the characters look smoother.

  - Best shapes: Antialiases fonts where possible. Use this option for standard Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors.

  - Best contrast: Adjusts fonts to give the sharpest possible contrast, and also antialiases fonts, so that characters have smooth edges. This option might enhance the accessibility of the GNOME Desktop to users with visual impairments.

  - Subpixel smoothing (LCDs): Uses techniques that exploit the shape of individual Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) pixels to render fonts smoothly. Use this option for LCD or flat-screen displays.

Details

  Click on this button to specify further details of how to render fonts on your screen.

  - Resolution (dots per inch): Use the spin box to specify the resolution to use when your screen renders fonts.

  - Smoothing: Select one of the options to specify how to antialias fonts.

  - Hinting: Hinting is a font-rendering technique that improves the quality of fonts at small sizes and an at low screen resolutions. Select one of the options to specify how to apply hinting your fonts.

  - Subpixel order: Select one of the options to specify the subpixel color order for your fonts. Use this option for LCD or flat-screen displays.

Go to font folder

  Click on this button to open the Fonts folder.

#### Previewing a Font

A preview of a font shows the characters of a font at different sizes, as well as copyright and technical information. To preview a font, perform the following steps:

1. Open the Font preference tool by choosing System Preferences Font in the top panel.

2. Click on Details.

3. Click on Go to font folder. The Fonts folder opens.

4. Open a font to display a preview.

#### Adding a TrueType Font

To add a TrueType font to your system, perform the following steps:

1. Open the Font preference tool by choosing System Preferences Font in the panel menubar.

2. Click on Details.

3. Click on Go to font folder. The Fonts folder opens.

4. Open a file manager window and select the TrueType font that you want to add.

5. Copy the TrueType font file that you want to add to the Fonts folder.

The new font will not appear in the Fonts folder until you next log in. You will need to relaunch applications for them to have access to the new font. These are known bugs in Gnome.

You can also open the Fonts folder by typing the following URI into Nautilus file manager's Open Location dialog: `fonts:///`.

### Menus & Toolbars Preferences

You can use the Menus & Toolbars preference tool to customize the appearance of menus, menubars, and toolbars for applications that are part of GNOME.

As you make changes to the settings, the preview display in the window updates. This allows you to see the changes if no application windows are currently open.

Show icons in menus

  Select this option to display an icon beside items in application menus and the panel menu. Not all menu items have an icon.

Editable menu accelerators

  Selecting this option allows you to define new keyboard shortcuts for menu items.

  To change an application shortcut key, open the menu, and with the mouse pointer on the menu item you wish to change, press the new combination of keys. To remove a shortcut key, press Backspace or Delete.

  When using this feature, you will not be warned if assigning a new shortcut key to a command also removes it from another command.

  There is no way to restore the original, default keyboard shortcut for a comamnd.

  This feature does not maintain shortcuts that are normally common to all applications, such as Ctrl C for Copy. This may lead to inconsistencies in your GNOME applications.

Detachable toolbars

  Selecting this option allows you to move toolbars from application windows to any location on the screen. A handle is displayed on the left side of the toolbars in your applications. To move a toolbar, click-and-hold on the handle, then drag the toolbar to the new location.

Toolbar button labels

  Choose one of the following options to specify what to display on the toolbars in your GNOME-compliant applications:

  - Text Below Icons: Select this option to display toolbars with text as well as an icon on each button.

  - Text Beside Icons: Select this option to display toolbars with an icon only on each button, and with text on the most important buttons.

  - Icons Only: Select this option to display toolbars with an icon only on each button.

  - Text Only: Select this option to display toolbars with text only on each button.

### Theme Preferences

A theme is a group of coordinated settings that specifies the visual appearance of a part of the GNOME Desktop. You can choose themes to change the appearance of the GNOME Desktop. Use the Theme preference tool to select a theme. You can choose from a list of available themes. The list of available themes includes several themes for users with accessibility requirements.

A theme contains settings that affect different parts of the GNOME Desktop, as follows:

Controls

  The controls setting for a theme determines the visual appearance of windows, panels, and applets. The controls setting also determines the visual appearance of the GNOME-compliant interface items that appear on windows, panels, and applets, such as menus, icons, and buttons. Some of the controls setting options that are available are designed for special accessibility needs. You can choose an option for the controls setting from the Controls tabbed section in the Theme Details.

Window frame

  The window frame setting for a theme determines the appearance of the frames around windows only. You can choose an option for the window frame setting from the Window Border tabbed section in the Theme Details.

Icona

  The icon setting for a theme determines the appearance of the icons on panels and the desktop background. You can choose an option for the icon setting from the Icons tabbed section in the Theme Details.

#### To Create a Custom Theme

The themes that are listed in the Theme preferences tool are different combinations of controls options, window frame options, and icon options. You can create a custom theme that uses different combinations of controls options, window frame options, and icon options.

To create a custom theme, perform the following steps:

1. Start the Theme preference tool.

2. Select a theme in the list of themes.

3. Click on the Theme Details button. A Theme Details dialog is displayed.

4. Select the controls option that you want to use in the custom theme from the list in the Controls tabbed section. The list of available controls options includes several options for users with accessibility requirements.

5. Click on the Window Border tab to display the Window Border tabbed section. Select the window frame option that you want to use in the custom theme from the list of available options. The list of available window frame options includes several options for users with accessibility requirements.

6. Click on the Icons tab to display the Icons tabbed section. Select the icons option that you want to use in the custom theme from the list of available options. The list of available icons options includes several options for users with accessibility requirements.

7. Click Close to close the Theme Details dialog.

8. On the Theme preferences tool, click on the Save theme button. A Save theme to disk dialog is displayed.

9. Type a name and a short description for the custom theme in the dialog, then click Save. The custom theme now appears in your list of available themes.

#### To Install a New Theme

You can add a theme to the list of available themes. The new theme must be an archive file that is tarred and zipped. That is, the new theme must be a `.tar.gz` file.

To install a new theme, perform the following steps:

1. Start the Theme preference tool.

2. Click on the Install Theme button. A Theme Installation dialog is displayed.

3. Enter the location of the theme archive file in the drop-down combination box. Alternatively, to browse for the file, click on the Browse button. When you have selected the file, click OK.

4. Click on the Install button to install the new theme.

#### To Install a New Theme Option

You can install new controls options, window frame options, or icons options. You can find many controls options on the Internet.

To install a new controls option, window frame option, or icons option, perform the following steps:

1. Start the Theme preference tool.

2. Click on the Theme Details button. An Theme Details dialog is displayed.

3. Click on the tab for the type of theme that you want to install. For example, to install an icons option, click on the Icons tab.

4. Click on the Install Theme button. A Theme Installation dialog is displayed.

5. Enter the location of the option archive file in the drop-down combination box. Alternatively, to browse for the file, click on the Browse button. When you have selected the file, click OK.

6. Click on the Install button to install the new option.

#### To Delete a Theme Option

You can delete controls options, window frame options, or icons options.

To delete a controls option, window frame option, or icons option, perform the following steps:

1. Start the Theme preference tool.

2. Click on the Theme Details button. A Theme Details dialog is displayed.

3. Click on the tab for the type of option that you want to delete.

4. Click on the Go To Theme Folder button. A file manager window opens on the default option folder.

5. Use the file manager window to delete the option.

#### Previewing Themes

As well as the Theme preference tool, you can also use the file manager to change themes. To change themes, perform the following steps:

1. Use the file manager to access the `themes:///` URI. The themes are displayed as icons.

2. Double-click on a theme to change the theme.

### Preferenze delle finestre

Usare lo strumento di preferenze Finestre per personalizzare il comportamento delle finestre nello GNOME Desktop.

In sono elencate le preferenze per le finestre che è possibile modificare.

#### Preferenze delle finestre

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Selezionare le finestre quando il mouse si sposta sopra di loro | Selezionare questa opzione per dare il focus a una finestra quando si "punta" quella finestra. La finestra mantiene il focus finché non si punta un'altra finestra.
Portare il primo piano le finestre selezionate dopo un intervallo | Selezionare questa opzione per portare una finestra sopra le altre con un breve ritardo da quando la finestra ha ricevuto il focus.
Intervallo prima di portare in primo piano | Specifica l'intervallo di attesa prima di portare sopra le altre una finestra che ha ricevuto il focus.

Doppio clic sulla barra del titolo esegue

Seleziona in comportamento da seguire quando si fa doppio-clic sulla barra del titolo di una finestra. Selezionare una tra le seguenti opzioni:

- Massimizza: massimizza la finestra.

- Arrotola: arrotola la finestra.

Per muovere una finestra tenere premuto questo tasto mentre la si cattura | Seleziona in tasto da premere e tenere premuto quando si trascina una finestra per muovere la finestra stessa.

### Preferenze del salvaschermo

Un salvaschermo mostra delle immagini in movimento sullo schermo quando il computer non è in uso. I salvaschermo inoltre impediscono che vecchi monitor vengano danneggiati dal mantenere visualizzata la stessa immagine per lunghi periodi di tempo. Per fermare il salvaschermo e tornare alla scrivania, muovere il mouse o premere un tasto sulla tastiera.

Usare lo strumento di preferenze Salvaschermo per impostare il tipo di salvaschermo, l'intervallo di tempo prima che il salvaschermo si avvii e se richiedere o meno una password per tornare al desktop.

È possibile modificare le seguenti impostazioni:

Salvaschermo

  Selezionare dall'elenco il Tema del salvaschermo. Viene mostrata una versione ridotta del tema di salvaschermo selezionato. Premere Anteprima per mostrare il tema selezionato sull'intero schermo. Durante l'anteprima, usare i pulsanti freccia sulla parte superiore dello schermo per spostarsi nell'elenco dei temi di salvaschermo.

  - Il tema Schermo vuoto non mostra alcuna immagine, ma solo uno schermo nero.

  - Il tema Casuale seleziona il salvaschermo da mostrare in modo casuale dall'elenco.

  I salvaschermi mostrati nell'elenco oltre a questi due, dipendono dal proprio distributore o vendor.

Considerare il computer come inattivo dopo...

  Se non vi è alcun input dall'utente per la durata di questo intervallo di tempo (come lo spostamento del mouse o la digitazione), allora il computer è considerato inattivo. Ciò potrebbe aver effetto sulla gestione energetica (il monitor potrebbe spegnersi, per esempio) o sulla messagistica istantanea (le applicazioni per chat potrebbero impostare il proprio stato ad "assente"). Usare il controllo scorrevole per impostare la lunghezza di tale intervallo in minuti o ore.

Attivare il salvaschermo quando il computer è inattivo

  Selezionare questa opzione per far sì che il salvaschermo sia avviato dopo l'intervallo di tempo impostato.

Bloccare lo schermo quando il salvaschermo viene avviato

  Quando questa opzione è selezionata, viene richiesto l'inserimento della propria password quando si tenta di ritornare al desktop. Per maggiori informazioni sul blocco dello schermo, consultare .

## Internet and Network

### Network Settings

The Network Settings allows you to specify the way your system connects to other computers and to internet.

You will be prompted for the administrator password when you start Network Settings. This is because the changes done with this tool will affect the whole system.

#### Getting started

The Network Settings main window contains four tabbed sections:

Connections

  Shows all network interfaces, it also allows you to modify their settings.

Caratteristiche generali

  Allows you to modify your system host name and domain name.

DNS

  Contains two sections, the DNS servers are what your computer use for resolving the IP addresses from the domain names. The search domains are the default domains in which your system will search any host when no domain is specified.

Hosts

  Shows the list of aliases for accessing other computers.

#### Usage

##### To modify a connection settings

In the Connections section, select the interface you want to modify and press the Properties button, depending on the interface type you will be able to modify different data.

Ethernet and IRLAN interfaces

  You can modify the way the interface is configured (DHCP or manually), if the interface is configured manually, you can also modify the interface IP address, netmask and gateway.

Wireless interfaces

  You can modify the way the interface is configured (DHCP or manually), if the interface is configured manually, you can also modify the interface IP address, netmask and gateway, you can also modify the network name (ESSID) for this interface.

Parallel line interfaces

  You can modify the interface IP address, as well as the remote IP address.

PPP/Modem interfaces

  You can modify the modem device, whether you want it to dial using tones or pulses, the modem volume, the phone number, the username and password that your ISP provided and other advanced settings for PPP.

##### To activate or deactivate an interface

In the Connections section, enable or disable the checkbox beside the interface.

##### To change your host name and domain name

In the General section, change the hostname or domain name text boxes.

##### To add a new domain name server

In the DNS Servers section, press the Add button and fill in the new list row with the new domain name server.

##### To delete a domain name server

In the DNS Servers section, select a DNS IP address from the list and press the Delete button.

##### To add a new search domain

In the Search Domains section, press the Add button and fill in the new list row with the new search domain.

##### To delete a search domain

In the Search Domains section, select a search domain from the list and press the Delete button.

##### To add a new host alias

In the Hosts section, press the Add button and type an IP address and the aliases that will point to in the window that pops up.

##### To modify a host alias

In the Hosts section, select an alias, press the Properties button from the list and modify the alias settings in the window that pops up.

##### To delete a host alias

In the Hosts section, select an alias from the list and press the Delete button.

##### To save your current network configuration as a "Location"

Press the Add button besides the Locations menu, specify the location name in the window that pops up.

##### To delete a location

Press the Remove button besides the Locations menu, the selected profile will be deleted.

##### To switch to a location

Select one location from the Locations menu, all the configuration will be switched automatically to the chosen location.

### Network Proxy Preferences

The Network Proxy preference tool enables you to configure how your system connects to the Internet.

You can configure the GNOME Desktop to connect to a proxy server, and specify the details of the proxy server. A proxy server is a server that intercepts requests to another server, and fulfills the request itself, if it can. You can enter the Domain Name Service (DNS) name or the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the proxy server. A DNS name is a unique alphabetic identifier for a computer on a network. An IP address is a unique numeric identifier for a computer on a network.

Direct internet connection

  Select this option if you want to connect to the Internet without a proxy server.

Manual proxy configuration

  Select this option if you want to connect to the Internet through a proxy server, and you want to configure the proxy server manually.

  HTTP proxy

    Enter the DNS name, or the IP address of the proxy server to use when you request a HTTP service. Enter the port number of the HTTP service on the proxy server in the Port spin box.

  Secure HTTP proxy

    Enter the DNS name, or the IP address of the proxy server to use when you request a Secure HTTP service. Enter the port number of the Secure HTTP service on the proxy server in the Port spin box.

  FTP proxy

    Enter the DNS name, or the IP address of the proxy server to use when you request a FTP service. Enter the port number of the FTP service on the proxy server in the Port spin box.

  Socks host

    Enter the DNS name, or the IP address of the Socks host to use. Enter the port number for the Socks protocol on the proxy server in the Port spin box.

Automatic proxy configuration

  Select this option if you want to connect to the Internet through a proxy server, and you want to configure the proxy server automatically.

Autoconfiguration URL

  Enter the URL that contains the information required to configure the proxy server automatically.

Set which hosts should not use the proxy in the Ignore Host List in the Advanced Configuration tabbed section. When you access these hosts, you will connect to the Internet directly without a proxy.

### Remote Desktop Preferences

The Remote Desktop preference tool enables you to share a GNOME Desktop session between multiple users, and to set session-sharing preferences.

lists the session-sharing preferences that you can set. These preferences have a direct impact on the security of your system.

#### Session Sharing Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Allow other users to view your desktop | Select this option to enable remote users to view your session. All keyboard, pointer, and clipboard events from the remote user are ignored.
Allow other users to control your desktop | Select this option to enable other to access and control your session from a remote location.

When a user tries to view or control your desktop

Select the following security considerations when a user tries to view or control your session:

- Ask you for confirmation: Select this option if you want remote users to ask you for confirmation when they want to share your session. This option enables you to be aware of other users who connect to your session. You can also decide what time is suitable for the remote user to connect to your session.

- Require the user to enter this password: Select this option to authenticate the remote user if authentication is used. This option provides an extra level of security.

Password | Enter the password that the client who attempts to view or control your session must enter.

## Hardware

### Keyboard Preferences

Use the Keyboard preference tool to modify the autorepeat preferences for your keyboard, and to configure typing break settings.

To open the Keyboard Accessibility preference tool, click the Accessibility button.

#### Keyboard Preferences

Use the Keyboard tabbed section to set general keyboard preferences. To start the Keyboard accessibility preference tool, that is, AccessX, click on the Accessibility button.

lists the keyboard preferences that you can modify.

##### Keyboard Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Key presses repeat when key is held down | Select this option to enable keyboard repeat. If keyboard repeat is enabled, when you press-and-hold a key, the action associated with the key is performed repeatedly. For example, if you press-and-hold a character key, the character is typed repeatedly.
Delay | Select the delay from the time you press a key to the time that the action repeats.
Speed | Select the speed at which the action is repeated.
Cursor blinks in text boxes and fields | Select this option to enable the cursor to blink in fields and text boxes.
Speed | Use the slider to specify the speed at which the cursor blinks in fields and text boxes.
Type to test settings | The test area is an interactive interface so you can see how the keyboard settings affect the display as you type. Type text in the test area to test the effect of your settings.

#### Keyboard Layouts Preferences

Use the Layouts tabbed section to set your keyboard's language, and also the make and model of keyboard you are using.

This will allow GNOME to make use of special media keys on your keyboard, and to show the correct characters for your keyboard's language.

Keyboard model

  Use the browse button (labelled with an ellipsis, ...) to choose another keyboard make and model.

Selected Layouts

  You can switch between selected layouts to change the characters your keyboard produces when you type. To add a layout, click Add. You can have up to four layouts. To remove a layout, select it and press Remove.

  To switch between keyboard layouts, use the Keyboard Indicator panel applet.

Separate group for each window

  When this option is selected, each window has its own keyboard layout. Changing to a different layout will only affect the current window.

  This allows you to to type with a Russian keyboard layout in a word processor, then switch to your web browser and type with an English keyboard layout, for example.

Click Reset to Defaults to restore all keyboard layout settings to their initial state for your system and locale.

#### Keyboard Layout Options

The Layout Options tabbed section has options for the behaviour of keyboard modifier keys and certain shortcut options.

Expand each group label to show the available options. A label in boldface indicates that the options in the group have been changed from the default setting.

The options shown in this tabbed section depend on the X windowing system you are using. Not all the following options might be listed on your system, and not all the options shown might work on your system.

Adding the EuroSign to certain keys

  Use these options to add the Euro currency symbol to a key as a third-level character. To access this symbol, you must assign a third level chooser.

Alt/Win key behavior

  This group of options allows you to assign the behaviour of Unix modifier keys Super, Meta, and Hyper to the Alt and Windows keys on your keyboard.

CapsLock key behavior

  This group has several options for the Caps Lock key.

Compose key position

  The Compose key allows you to combine two keypresses to make a single character. This is used to create an accented character that might not be on your keyboard layout. For example, press the Compose key, then ', then e to obtain e-acute character.

Control key position

  Use this group of options to set the location of the Ctrl key to match the layout on older keyboards.

Group Shift/Lock behavior

  Select keys or key combinations to switch your keyboard layout when pressed.

Miscellaneous compatibility options
  Shift with numpad keys works as in MS Windows.

    With this option selected, using Shift with keys on the numerical pad when NumLock is off extends the current selection.

    With this option unselected, use Shift with keys on the numerical pad to obtain the reverse of the current behaviour for that key. For example, when NumLock is off, the 8 key acts as an up-arrow. Press Shift 8 to type an '8'.

  Special keys (Ctrl+Alt+<key>) handled in a server.

    Select this option to have certain keyboard shortcuts passed to the X windowing system instead of being handled by GNOME.

Third level choosers

  A third level key allows you to obtain a third character from a key, in the same way that pressing Shift with a key produces a different character to pressing the key alone.

  Use this group to select a key you want to act as a third level modifier key.

  Pressing the third-level key and Shift produces a fourth character from a key.

  The third and fourth level characters for your keyboard layout are shown in the Keyboard Indicator Layout View Window.

Use keyboard LED to show alternative group.

  Use this option to specify that one of the light indicators on your keyboard should indicate when an alternative keyboard layout is in use.

  The selected keyboard light will no longer indicate its standard function. For example, the Caps Lock light will not react to the Caps Lock key.

#### Typing Break Preferences

Configure the Typing Break Preferences to make GNOME remind you to rest after you have been using the keyboard and mouse for a long time. During a Typing Break, the screen will be locked.

lists the typing break preferences that you can modify.

##### Typing Break Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Lock screen to enforce typing break | Select this option to lock the screen when you are due a typing break.
Work interval lasts | Use the spin box to specify how long you can work before a typing break occurs.
Break interval lasts | Use the spin box to specify the length of your typing breaks.
Allow postponing of breaks | Select this option if you want to be able to postpone typing breaks.

If you stop using the keyboard and mouse for a length of time equal to the Break interval setting, the current work interval will be reset.

### Mouse Preferences

With the Mouse preference tool you can:

- configure your mouse for right-hand use or for left-hand use,

- specify the speed and sensitivity of mouse movement.

#### Buttons Preferences

Use the Buttons tabbed section to specify whether the mouse buttons are configured for left-hand use. You can also specify the delay between clicks for a double-click.

lists the mouse button preferences that you can modify.

##### Mouse Button Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Left-handed mouse | Select this option to configure your mouse for left-hand use. When you configure your mouse for left-hand use, the functions of the left mouse button and the right mouse button are swapped.
Timeout | Use the slider to specify the amount of time that can pass between clicks when you double-click. If the interval between the first and second clicks exceeds the time that is specified here, the action is not interpreted as a double-click. Use the light bulb icon to check double-click sensitivity: the light will light up briefly for a click, but stay lit for a double-click.

#### Pointer Preferences

Use the Pointers tabbed section to set your mouse pointer preferences.

lists the mouse pointer preferences that you can modify:

##### Mouse Pointer Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Pointer Theme | Select the mouse pointer theme that you require from the list box.
Highlight the pointer when you press Ctrl | Select this option to enable a mouse pointer animation when you press and release Ctrl. This feature can assist you to locate the mouse pointer.

#### Motion Preferences

Use the Motion tabbed section to set your preferences for mouse movement.

lists the mouse motion preferences that you can modify:

##### Mouse Motion Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Acceleration | Use the slider to specify the speed at which your mouse pointer moves on your screen when you move your mouse.
Sensitivity | Use the slider to specify how sensitive your mouse pointer is to movements of your mouse.
Threshold | Use the slider to specify the distance that you must move an item before the move action is interpreted as a drag-and-drop action.

### Preferenze di stampa

Per impostare una nyova stampante, scegliere Sistema Amministrazione Stampa nella barra dei menù del pannello superiore. Viene aperta la finestra Stampanti.

Scegliere Stampante Aggiungi stampante. Viene aperto l'assistente Aggiunta di una stampante per procedere nell'impostazione della stampante.

È anche possibile usare la finestra Stampanti per controllare lo stato dei lavori di stampa e rimuovere o cambiare le proprietà di stampanti già impostare.

### Preferenze risoluzione schermo

Usare lo strumento di preferenze Risoluzione schermo per specificare le impostazioni di risoluzione del proprio schermo. In sono elencate le preferenze di risoluzione dello schermo che è possibile modificare.

#### Preferenze risoluzione schermo

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Risoluzione | Seleziona da un elenco a discesa la risoluzione da usare per lo schermo
Frequenza di aggiornamento | Seleziona da un elenco a discesa la frequenza di aggiornamento da usare per lo schermo
Rendere predefinito solo per questo computer | Selezionare questa opzione per rendere predefinite le impostazioni solo per il sistema a cui si è fatto login.

### Sound Preferences

The Sound preference tool enables you to control when the GNOME sound server starts. You can also specify which sounds to play when particular events occur.

You can customize the settings for the Sound preference tool in the following functional areas:

- Caratteristiche generali

- Sound Events

- System Bell

#### General Sound Preferences

Use the General tabbed section of the Sound preference tool to specify when to launch the GNOME sound server. You can also enable sound event functions.

lists the general sound preferences that you can modify.

##### General Sound Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Enable sound server startup | Select this option to start the GNOME sound server when you start a GNOME session. When the sound server is active, the GNOME Desktop can play sounds.
Sounds for events | Select this option to play sounds when particular events occur in the GNOME Desktop. You can select this option only if the Enable sound server startup option is selected.

#### Sound Event Preferences

Use the Sound Events tabbed section of the Sound preference tool to associate particular sounds with particular events.

You must select the Enable sound server startup option, and the Sounds for events option before you can access the Sound Events tabbed section.

lists the sound events preferences that you can modify.

##### Sound Event Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Sounds table | Use the Sounds table to associate particular sounds with particular events. The Event column displays a hierarchical list of events that can occur. To expand a category of events, click on the right arrow beside a category of events. The File to play column lists the sound file that plays when the event occurs.
Play | Click on this button to play the sound file that is associated with the selected event.

Sound file drop-down combination box, Browse

To associate a sound with an event, select the event in the Sounds table. Enter the name of the sound file that you want to associate with the selected event in the drop-down combination box. Alternatively, click Browse to display a Select sound file dialog. Use the dialog to specify the sound file that you want to associate with the selected event.

You can only associate sound files in `.wav` format with events.

#### System Bell Settings

Use the System Bell tabbed section to set your preferences for the system bell.

Some applications play a bell sound to indicate a keyboard input error. Use the preferences in the System Bell tabbed section to configure the bell sound. lists the system bell preferences that you can modify.

##### System Bell Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Sound an audible bell | Select this option to enable the system bell.
Visual feedback | Select this option to enable visual feedback to indicate input errors.
Flash window titlebar | Select this option if you want window titlebars to flash to indicate an input error.
Flash entire screen | Select this option if you want the entire screen to flash to indicate an input error.

## Sistema

### Multimedia Systems Selector

See the GStreamer Properties Manual.

### Sessions Preferences

The Sessions preference tool enables you to manage your sessions. You can set session preferences, and specify which applications to start when you start a session. You can configure sessions to save the state of applications in the GNOME Desktop, and to restore the state when you start another session. You can also use this preference tool to manage multiple GNOME sessions.

You can customize the settings for sessions and startup applications in the following functional areas:

- Session Options

- Current Session

- Startup Programs

#### Setting Session Preferences

Use the Session Options tabbed section to manage multiple sessions, and to set preferences for the current session.

lists the session options that you can modify.

##### Session Options

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Show splash screen on login | Select this option to display a splash screen when you start a session.
Prompt on logout | Select this option to display a confirmation dialog when you end a session.

Automatically save changes to session

Select this option if you want the session manager to save the current state of your session. The session manager saves the session-managed applications that are open, and the settings associated with the session-managed applications. The next time that you start a session, the applications start automatically, with the saved settings.

If you do not select this option, when you end your session the Logout Confirmation dialog displays a Save current setup option.

Sessioni

Use this area of the dialog to manage multiple sessions in the GNOME Desktop, as follows:

- To create a new session, click on the Add button. The Add a new session dialog is displayed. Use this dialog to specify a name for your session.

- To change the name of a session, select the session in the Sessions table. Click on the Edit button. The Edit session name dialog is displayed. Type a new name for your session.

- To delete a session, select the session in the Sessions table. Click on the Delete button.

When you log in on GDM, you choose a session. When you choose a session, you can select which of the multiple sessions to use.

#### Setting Session Properties

Use the Current Session tabbed section to specify startup order values, and to choose restart styles for the session-managed applications in your current session.

lists the session properties that you can configure.

##### Session Properties

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---
Order | The Order property specifies the order in which the session manager starts session-managed startup applications. The session manager starts applications with lower order values first. The default value is 50. To specify the startup order of an application, select the application in the table. Use the Order spin box to specify the startup order value.

Stile

The Style property determines the restart style of an application. To select a restart style for an application, select the application in the table, then choose one of the following styles:

- Normal

  Starts automatically when you start a GNOME session.

- Restart

  Restarts automatically whenever you close or terminate the application. Choose this style for an application if the application must run continuously during your session.

- Trash

  Does not start when you start a GNOME session.

- Settings

  Starts automatically when you start a session. Applications with this style usually have a low startup order, and store your configuration settings for GNOME and session-managed applications.

Rimuovi | Click on the Remove button to delete the selected application from the list. The application is removed from the session manager, and closed. If you save the session after doing this any deleted applications will not start the next time you start a session.
Apply | Click on the Apply button to apply changes to the startup order and the restart style.

#### Configuring Startup Applications

Use the Startup Programs tabbed section of the Sessions preference tool to specify non-session-managed startup applications. Startup applications are applications that start automatically when you start a session. You specify the commands that run the non-session-managed applications in the Startup Programs tabbed section. The commands execute automatically when you log in.

You can also start session-managed applications automatically. For more information, see .

lists the startup applications preferences that you can modify.

##### Startup Programs Preferences

Elemento dialogo | Descrizione
--- | ---

Additional startup programs

Use this table to manage non-session-managed startup applications as follows:

- To add a startup application, click on the Add button. The Add Startup Program dialog is displayed. Enter the command to start the application in the Startup Command field.

  If you specify more than one startup application, use the Priority spin box to specify the startup order of the each application. The startup order is the order in which you want the startup applications to start.

- To edit a startup application, select the startup application, then click on the Edit button. The Edit Startup Program dialog is displayed. Use the dialog to modify the command and the startup order for the startup application.

- To delete a startup application, select the startup application, then click on the Delete button.