    # File lib/active_record/validations.rb, line 719
          def create!(attributes = nil)
            if attributes.is_a?(Array)
              attributes.collect { |attr| create!(attr) }
            else
              attributes ||= {}
              attributes.reverse_merge!(scope(:create)) if scoped?(:create)

              object = new(attributes)
              object.save!
              object
            end
          end