pdf                package:grDevices                R Documentation

_P_D_F _G_r_a_p_h_i_c_s _D_e_v_i_c_e

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     'pdf' starts the graphics device driver for producing PDF
     graphics.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     pdf(file = ifelse(onefile, "Rplots.pdf", "Rplot%03d.pdf"),
         width = 6, height = 6, onefile = TRUE, family = "Helvetica",
         title = "R Graphics Output", fonts = NULL, version = "1.1",
         paper = "special", encoding, bg, fg, pointsize, pagecentre)

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

    file: a character string giving the name of the file. For use with
          'onefile=FALSE' give a C integer format such as
          '"Rplot%03d.pdf"' (the default in that case). (See
          'postscript' for further details.) 

width, height: the width and height of the graphics region in inches.

 onefile: logical: if true (the default) allow multiple figures in one
          file.  If false, generate a file name containing the page
          number.

  family: the font family to be used, see 'postscript'.

   title: title string to embed in the file.

   fonts: a character vector specifying R graphics font family names
          for fonts which will be included in the PDF file.

 version: a string describing the PDF version that will be required to
          view the output.  This is a minimum, and will be increased
          (with a warning) if necessary.

   paper: the target paper size.  The choices are '"a4"', '"letter"',
          '"legal"' (or '"us"') and '"executive"' (and these can be
          capitalized), or '"a4r"' and '"USr"' for rotated
          ('landscape'). The default is '"special"', which means that
          the 'width' and 'height' specify the paper size.  A further
          choice is '"default"'; if this is selected, the papersize is
          taken from the option '"papersize"' if that is set and to
          '"a4"' if it is unset or empty.

encoding: the name of an encoding file.  See 'postscript' for details.

      bg: the default background color to be used.

      fg: the default foreground color to be used.

pointsize: the default point size to be used.  Strictly speaking, in
          bp, that is 1/72 of an inch, but approximately in points.

pagecentre: logical: should the device region be centred on the page? -
          defaults to true, but is only relevant for 'paper !=
          "special"'.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     'pdf()' opens the file 'file' and the PDF commands needed to plot
     any graphics requested are sent to that file.

     The 'file' argument is interpreted as a C integer format as used
     by 'sprintf', with integer argument the page number. The default
     gives files 'Rplot001.pdf', ..., 'Rplot999.pdf', 'Rplot1000.pdf',
     ....

     The 'family' argument can be used to specify a PDF-specific font
     family as the initial/default font for the device.

     If a device-independent R graphics font family is specified (e.g.,
     via 'par(family=)' in the graphics package), the PDF device makes
     use of the PostScript font mappings to convert the R graphics font
     family to a PDF-specific font family description.  (See the
     documentation for 'pdfFonts'.)

     R does _not_ embed fonts in the PDF file though, so it is only
     possible straightforward to use mappings to the font families that
     are assumed to be available in any PDF viewer: '"Times"'
     (equivalently '"serif"'), '"Helvetica"' (equivalently '"sans"'),
     '"Courier"' (equivalently '"mono"') and '"Symbol"' (equivalently
     '"symbol"').  Other families may be specified, but it is the
     user's responsibility to ensure that these fonts are available on
     the system and third-party software, e.g., ghostscript, may be
     required to embed the fonts so that the PDF can be included in
     other documents (e.g., LaTeX).  The URW-based families described
     for 'postscript'  can be used with viewers such as GSView which
     are based on URW fonts.

     See 'postscript' for details of encodings, as the internal code is
     shared between the drivers.  The native PDF encoding is given in
     file 'PDFDoc.enc'.

     'pdf' writes uncompressed PDF.  It is primarily intended for
     producing PDF graphics for inclusion in other documents, and
     PDF-includers such as 'pdftex' are usually able to handle
     compression.

     At present the PDF is fairly simple, with each page being
     represented as a single stream.  The R graphics model does not
     distinguish graphics objects at the level of the driver interface.

     The 'version' argument declares the version of PDF that gets
     produced.  The version must be at least 1.4 for semitransparent
     output to be understood, and at least 1.3 if CID fonts are to be
     used: if these features are used the version number will be
     increased (with a warning).  Specifying a low version number (as
     the default) is useful if you want to produce PDF output that can
     be viewed on older or non-Adobe PDF viewers.  (PDF 1.4 requires
     Acrobat 5 or later.)

     Line widths as controlled by 'par(lwd=)' are in multiples of 1/96
     inch.  Multiples less than 1 are allowed.  'pch="."' with 'cex =
     1' corresponds to a square of side 1/72 inch, which is also the
     'pixel' size assumed for graphics parameters such as '"cra"'.

_N_o_t_e:

     Acrobat Reader does not use the fonts specified but rather
     emulates them from multiple-master fonts.  This can be seen in
     imprecise centering of characters, for example the multiply and
     divide signs in Helvetica.

     Acrobat Reader 5.x and later can be extended by support for Asian
     and (so-called) Central European fonts (the latter only for 7.x),
     and this will be needed for full use of encodings other than
     Latin-1. See <URL:
     http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrasianfontpack.html>.

_S_e_e _A_l_s_o:

     'pdfFonts', 'Devices', 'postscript'

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     ## Not run: 
     ## Test function for encodings
     TestChars <- function(encoding="ISOLatin1", ...)
     {
         pdf(encoding=encoding, ...)
         par(pty="s")
         plot(c(-1,16), c(-1,16), type="n", xlab="", ylab="", xaxs="i", yaxs="i")
         title(paste("Centred chars in encoding", encoding))
         grid(17, 17, lty=1)
         for(i in c(32:255)) {
             x <- i %% 16
             y <- i %/% 16
             points(x, y, pch=i)
         }
         dev.off()
     }
     ## there will be many warnings.
     TestChars("ISOLatin2")
     ## this does not view properly in older viewers.
     TestChars("ISOLatin2", family="URWHelvetica")
     ## works well for viewing in gs-based viewers, and often in xpdf.
     ## End(Not run)

