# gitignore(5) Manual Page

## NAME

gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore

## SYNOPSIS

$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore

## DESCRIPTION

A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that git should ignore. Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.

When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):

- Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support them.

- Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the higher level files (up to the root) being overridden by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file. These patterns match relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for files generated as part of the project build.

- Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.

- Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration variable core.excludesfile.

Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. Patterns which a user wants git to ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.

The underlying git plumbing tools, such as git-ls-files(1) and git-read-tree(1), read `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git tools, such as git-status(1) and git-add(1), use patterns from the sources specified above.

Patterns have the following format:

- A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability.

- A line starting with # serves as a comment.

- An optional prefix ! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources.

- If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the purpose of the following description, but it would only find a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent with the way how pathspec works in general in git).

- If the pattern does not contain a slash /, git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname without leading directories.

- Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, "Documentation/*.html" matches "Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html". A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".

An example:

        $ git-status
        [...]
        # Untracked files:
        [...]
        #       Documentation/foo.html
        #       Documentation/gitignore.html
        #       file.o
        #       lib.a
        #       src/internal.o
        [...]
        $ cat .git/info/exclude
        # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
        *.[oa]
        $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
        # ignore generated html files,
        *.html
        # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
        !foo.html
        $ git-status
        [...]
        # Untracked files:
        [...]
        #       Documentation/foo.html
        [...]

Another example:

        $ cat .gitignore
        vmlinux*
        $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
        arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
        $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore

The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.

## Documentation

Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett, Frank Lichtenheld, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.

## GIT

Part of the git(1) suite