EXIFTOOL(1)

NAME
exiftool - Read and write meta information in files

SYNOPSIS
exiftool [OPTIONS] [-TAG...] [--TAG...] FILE...

exiftool [OPTIONS] -TAG[+-<]=[VALUE]... FILE...

exiftool [OPTIONS] -TagsFromFile SRCFILE [-SRCTAG[>DSTTAG]...] FILE...

exiftool [ -ver | -list[w|f|g[NUM]|d] ]

For specific examples, see the EXAMPLES sections below.

DESCRIPTION
A command-line interface to Image::ExifTool, used for reading and writing meta information in image, audio and video files. FILE is a source file name, directory name, or "-" for the standard input. Information is read from the source file and output in readable form to the console (or written to an output text file with the -w option).

To write or copy information, new values are specified with the -TAG=[VALUE] syntax or the -TagsFromFile option. This causes FILE to be rewritten, and by default the original file is preserved with "_original" appended to the file name. (Be sure to verify that the new file is OK before erasing the original.) Once in write mode, exiftool will ignore any read-specific options.

Below is a list of file types and meta information formats currently supported by ExifTool (r = read, w = write, c = create):

                File Types                 |    Meta Information
  ---------------------------------------  |  --------------------
  3FR   r       HTML  r       PPM   r/w    |  EXIF           r/w/c
  ACR   r       ICC   r/w/c   PPT   r      |  GPS            r/w/c
  AI    r       ITC   r       PS    r/w    |  IPTC           r/w/c
  AIFF  r       JNG   r/w     PSD   r/w    |  XMP            r/w/c
  APE   r       JP2   r/w     QTIF  r      |  MakerNotes     r/w/c
  ARW   r       JPEG  r/w     RA    r      |  Photoshop IRB  r/w/c
  ASF   r       K25   r       RAF   r/w    |  ICC Profile    r/w/c
  AVI   r       KDC   r       RAM   r      |  MIE            r/w/c
  BMP   r       M4A   r       RAW   r/w    |  JFIF           r/w/c
  BTF   r       MEF   r/w     RIFF  r      |  Ducky APP12    r/w/c
  CR2   r/w     MIE   r/w/c   RWZ   r      |  PDF            r/w/c
  CRW   r/w     MIFF  r       RM    r      |  CIFF           r/w
  CS1   r/w     MNG   r/w     SO    r      |  AFCP           r/w
  DCM   r       MOS   r/w     SR2   r      |  JPEG 2000      r
  DCR   r       MOV   r       SRF   r      |  DICOM          r
  DIVX  r       MP3   r       SVG   r      |  Flash          r
  DJVU  r       MP4   r       SWF   r      |  FlashPix       r
  DLL   r       MPC   r       THM   r/w    |  QuickTime      r
  DNG   r/w     MPG   r       TIFF  r/w    |  GeoTIFF        r
  DOC   r       MRW   r/w     VRD   r/w/c  |  PrintIM        r
  DYLIB r       NEF   r/w     WAV   r      |  ID3            r
  EPS   r/w     OGG   r       WDP   r/w    |  Kodak Meta     r
  EXE   r       ORF   r/w     WMA   r      |  Ricoh RMETA    r
  ERF   r/w     PBM   r/w     WMV   r      |  Picture Info   r
  FLAC  r       PDF   r/w     X3F   r      |  Adobe APP14    r
  FLV   r       PEF   r/w     XLS   r      |  APE            r
  FPX   r       PGM   r/w     XMP   r/w/c  |  Vorbis         r
  GIF   r/w     PICT  r       ZIP   r      |  SPIFF          r
  HDP   r/w     PNG   r/w                  |  (and more)

Note: If FILE is a directory name, then only file types with recognized extensions are processed when reading, and only writable types are processed when any tag is written. However, the -ext option may be used to force processing of files with any extension.

OPTIONS
Case is not significant for any command-line option (including tag and group names), except for single-character options if the corresponding upper case option is defined. Multiple options may NOT be combined into a single argument, because that would be interpreted as a tag name.

-TAG
    Extract information for specified tag (ie. "-CreateDate"). See Image::ExifTool::TagNames for documentation on available tag names. A tag name may include a leading group name separated by a colon (ie. "-XMP:Creator"). Any family 0 or 1 group name may be used, and the group name may be prefixed by a digit to specify family number (ie. "-1IPTC:Keywords"). Use the -listg or -listg1 option to list valid family 0 or 1 group names.

    A special tag name of "All" may be used to indicate all meta information. This is particularly useful when a group name is specified to extract all information in a group. ("*" is a synonym for "All", but must be quoted if used on the command line to prevent shell globbing.)

    If no tags are specified, all available information is extracted.

    Note: Descriptions, not tag names, are shown by default when extracting information. Use the -s option to see the tag names instead.

--TAG
    Exclude specified tag from extracted information. Same as the -x option. May also be used following a -TagsFromFile option to exclude tags from being copied, or to exclude groups from being deleted when deleting all information (ie. "-all= --exif:all" deletes all but EXIF information).

    Note that this will not exclude individual tags from a group delete. Instead, the tags must be recovered using the -TagsFromFile option.

-TAG[+-]=[VALUE]
    Write a new value for the specified tag (ie. "-comment=wow"), or delete the tag if no VALUE is given (ie. "-comment="). "+=" and "-=" are used to add or remove existing entries from a list, or to shift date/time values (see Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl for details), and "-=" may be used to conditionally remove or replace a tag (see "WRITING EXAMPLES" for examples).

    If a group name is not specified for TAG, then the information is written to the preferred group, which is the first group in the following list where TAG is valid: 1) EXIF, 2) IPTC, 3) XMP, 4) MakerNotes.

    The special "All" tag may be used in this syntax only if a VALUE is NOT given. This causes all meta information to be deleted (or all information in a group if "-GROUP:All=" is used). Note that not all groups are deletable. Also, within an image some groups may be contained within others, and these groups are removed if the super group is deleted. Below are lists of these group dependencies:

      JPEG Image:
      - Deleting EXIF or IFD0 also deletes ExifIFD, GlobParamIFD,
        GPS, IFD1, InteropIFD, MakerNotes, PrintIM and SubIFD.
      - Deleting ExifIFD also deletes InteropIFD and MakerNotes.
      - Deleting Photoshop also deletes IPTC.

      TIFF Image:
      - Deleting EXIF only removes ExifIFD which also deletes
        InteropIFD and MakerNotes.

-TAG<=DATFILE or -TAG<=FMT
    Set the value of a tag from the contents of file DATFILE. The file name may also be given by a FMT string where %d, %f and %e represent the directory, file name and extension of the original FILE (see the -w option for more details). Note that quotes are required around this argument to prevent shell redirection since it contains a "<" symbol. "+<=" or "-<=" may also be used to add or delete specific list entries, or to shift date/time values.

-@ ARGFILE
    Read command-line arguments from the specified file. The file contains one argument per line (NOT one option per line -- some options require additional arguments which must be placed on separate lines). Blank lines and lines beginning with "#" and are ignored. Normal shell processing of arguments is not performed, which among other things means that arguments should not be quoted. ARGFILE may exist relative to either the current directory or the exiftool directory unless an absolute pathname is given.

    For example, the following ARGFILE will set the value of Copyright to "Copyright YYYY, Phil Harvey", where "YYYY" is the year of CreateDate:

        -d
        %Y
        -copyright<Copyright $createdate, Phil Harvey

-a, --a
    Allow (-a) or supress (--a) duplicate tag names in the output. By default, duplicate tags are suppressed unless the -X option is used.

-b  Output requested data in binary format without tag names or descriptions. This option is mainly used for extracting embedded images or other binary data, but it may also be useful for some text strings since control characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they are in the default output.

-c FMT
    Set the print format for GPS coordinates. FMT uses the same syntax as the "printf" format string. The specifiers correspond to degrees, minutes and seconds in that order, but minutes and seconds are optional. For example, the following table gives the output for the same coordinate using various formats:

                FMT                  Output
        -------------------    ------------------
        "%d deg %d' %.2f"\"    54 deg 59' 22.80"   (the default)
        "%d deg %.4f min"      54 deg 59.3800 min
        "%.6f degrees"         54.989667 degrees

-d FMT
    Set the format for date/time tag values. Consult "strftime" man page for FMT syntax. The default format is equivalent to "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S". This option has no effect on date-only or time-only tags and ignores timezone information if present. The inverse operation (ie. un-formatting a date/time value) is currently not applied when writing a date/time tag.

-D  Show tag ID number in Decimal.

-e  Print existing tags only -- don't calculate composite tags.

-E  Escape characters in output values for HTML. Implied with the -h option.

-ext EXT, --ext EXT
    Process only files with (-ext) or without (--ext) a specified extension. There may be multiple -ext and --ext options. Extensions may begin with a leading '.', and case is not significant. For example:

        exiftool -ext .JPG DIR            # process only JPG files
        exiftool --ext crw --ext dng DIR  # process all but CRW and DNG
        exiftool --ext . DIR              # ignore if no extension

-f  Force printing of tags even if their values are not found.

-F[OFFSET]
    Fix the base for maker notes offsets. A common problem with some image editors is that offsets in the maker notes are not adjusted properly when the file is modified. This may cause the wrong values to be extracted for some maker note entries when reading the edited file. This option allows an integer OFFSET to be specified for adjusting the maker notes base offset. If no OFFSET is given, ExifTool takes its best guess at the correct base. Note that exiftool will automatically fix the offsets for images which store original offset information (ie. newer Canon models). Offsets are fixed permanently if used when writing an image.

-fast
    Increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images. With this option, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an AFCP or PreviewImage trailer. The speed benefits are small when reading images directly from disk, but can be substantial if piping images through a network connection.

-g[NUM]
    Organize output by tag group. NUM specifies the group family number, and may be 0 (general location), 1 (specific location) or 2 (category). If not specified, -g0 is assumed. Use the -listg option to list all group names for a specified family.

-G[NUM]
    Same as -g but print Group name for each tag.

-h  Use HTML formatting for output. Implies -E option. The formatting options -D, -H, -g, -G, -l and -s may be used in combination with -h to influence the HTML format.

-H  Show tag ID number in Hexadecimal.

-htmlDump[OFFSET]
    Generate a dynamic web page containing a hex dump of the EXIF information. This can be a very powerful tool for low-level analysis of EXIF information. The -htmlDump option is also invoked if the -v and -h options are used together. The verbose level controls the maximum length of the blocks dumped. An OFFSET may be given to specify the base for displayed offsets. If not provided, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is used. Use -htmlDump0 for absolute offsets. Currently only EXIF and TIFF information is dumped, but the -u option can be used to give a raw hex dump of other file formats.

-i DIR
    Ignore specified directory name. May be multiple -i options.

-if EXPR
    Specify a condition to be evaluated before processing each FILE. EXPR is a Perl-like expression containing tag names prefixed by "$" symbols. It is evaluated with the tags from each FILE in turn, and processing proceeds only if the expression returns true. Unlike Perl variable names, tag names are not case sensitive and may contain a hyphen or a leading group name separated by a colon. When multiple -if options are used, all conditions must be satisfied to process the file. Below are a few examples:

        # extract shutterspeed from all Canon images in a directory
        exiftool -shutterspeed -if '$make eq "Canon"' dir

        # add one hour to all images created on or after Apr. 2, 2006
        exiftool -alldates+=1 -if '$CreateDate ge "2006:04:02"' dir

        # set EXIF ISO value if possible, unless it is set already
        exiftool '-exif:iso<iso' -if 'not $exif:iso' dir

-k  Pause with the message "-- press any key --" before terminating. This option is used to prevent the command window from closing when run as a Windows drag and drop application.

-l  Use long 2-line Canon-style output format. Adds a description to the XML output when -X is used.

-L  Convert 16-bit Unicode characters in output to Windows Latin1 (cp1252) instead of the default UTF-8. When writing, -L is used to specify that input text values are Latin1 instead of UTF-8.

-list, -listw, -listf, -listwf, -listg[NUM], -listd
    Print a list of all valid tag names (-list), all writable tag names (-listw), all recognized file extensions (-listf), all writable file extensions (-listwf), all tag groups [in a specified family] (-listg[NUM]), or all deletable tag groups (-listd). The -list and -listw options may be followed by an additional argument of the form "-GROUP:All" to list all tags in a specific group. With -listg, NUM may be given to specify the group family, otherwise family 0 is assumed. For example:

        -list               # list all tag names
        -list -EXIF:All     # list all EXIF tags
        -listw -XMP-dc:All  # list all writable XMP-dc tags
        -listf              # list all recognized file extensions
        -listwf             # list all writable file extensions
        -listg1             # list all groups in family 1
        -listd              # list all deletable groups

-m  Ignore minor errors. Allows writing if some minor errors occur, or extraction of embedded images that aren't in standard JPG format.

-n  Read and write values as numbers instead of words. This option disables the print conversion that is applied when extracting values to make them more readable, and the inverse print conversion when writing. For example:

        > exiftool -Orientation -S a.jpg
        Orientation: Rotate 90 CW
        > exiftool -Orientation -S -n a.jpg
        Orientation: 6

    and the following two writing commands have the same effect

        > exiftool -Orientation='Rotate 90 CW' a.jpg
        > exiftool -Orientation=6 -n a.jpg

-o OUTFILE or FMT
    Set the output file or directory name when writing information. (Without this option, the original file is renamed to "FILE_original" and output is sent to FILE.) The output file name may also be specified using a FMT string in which %d, %f and %e represent the directory, file name and extension of FILE. Also, %c may be used to add a copy number. See the -w option for FMT string examples.

    The output file is taken to be a directory name if it already exists as a directory or if the name ends with '/'. Output directories are created if necessary. Existing files will not be overwritten. Combining the -overwrite_original option with -o causes the original source file to be erased after the output file is successfully written.

    A special feature of this option allows it to be used to create certain types of files from scratch. Currently, this can only be done with XMP and ICC/ICM files. The file is created from a combination of information in FILE and tag values assigned on the command line. This is done by specifying a file extension of '.XMP', '.ICC' or '.ICM' for OUTFILE. The output file may be created even if no FILE is specified, provided some appropriate tag values are specified on the command line.

-overwrite_original
    Overwrite the original FILE (instead of preserving it by adding "_original" to the file name) when writing information to an image. Caution: This option should only be used if you already have separate backup copies of your image files. The overwrite is implemented by renaming a temporary file.

-overwrite_original_in_place
    Similar to the -overwrite_original option except that an extra step is added to allow the original file attributes to be preserved. On a Macintosh for example, this preserves the original file type, creator and icon. This is implemented by copying the contents of a temporary file over the original, then deleting the temporary file. The extra step results in slower performance, so the -overwrite_original option should be used instead unless necessary.

-p FMTFILE or STR
    Print output in the format specified by the given file or string (and ignore other format options). Tag names in the format file or string begin with a "$" symbol and may contain an optional group name. Case is not significant. Braces "{}" may be used around the tag name to separate it from subsequent text. Use $$ to represent a "$" symbol. $/ may be used for a newline. In the file, lines beginning with "#" are ignored. For example, this format file:

        # this is a comment line
        File $FileName was created on $DateTimeOriginal
        (f/$Aperture, ${ShutterSpeed}s, ISO $EXIF:ISO)

    produces output like this:

        File test.jpg was created on 2003:10:31 15:44:19
        (f/5.6, 1/60s, ISO 100)

    If a tag does not exist, the output value is set to '-' if the -f option is used. Otherwise a minor warning is issued and the line with the missing tag is not printed. However, if the -m option is used, minor warnings are ignored and the line is printed with an empty tag value.

-P  Preserve date/time of original file ("FileModifyDate") when writing.

-q  Quiet processing. One -q suppresses normal informational messages, and a second -q suppresses warnings as well. Error messages can not be suppressed, although minor errors may be downgraded to warnings with the -m option.

-r  Recursively scan subdirectories. Only meaningful if FILE is a directory name.

-s  Print tag names instead of descriptions. This is the short output format. Add up to 3 -s options for even shorter formats:

        -s        - print tag names instead of descriptions
        -s -s     - no extra spaces to column-align values
        -s -s -s  - print values only

    Also effective when combined with -t, -h or -X options.

-S  Very short format. The same as two -s options. Extra spaces used to column-align values are not printed.

-ScanForXMP
    Scan all files (even unrecognized formats) for XMP information unless found already. When combined with the -fast option, only unrecognized file types are scanned. Warning: It can be time consuming to scan large files.

-sep STR
    Specify separator for values in List-type tags. Default is ", ".

-t  Output a tab-delimited list of description/values (useful for database import). May be combined with -s to print tag names instead of descriptions, or -S to print tag values only, tab-delimited on a single line.

-T  Output tag values in Table form. (Equivalent to -t -S -q -f.)

-TagsFromFile SRCFILE or FMT
    Copy tag values from SRCFILE to FILE. Tag names on the command line after this option specify the tags to be copied, or excluded from the copy. If no tags are specified, then all tags from the source file are copied. More than one -TagsFromFile option may be used to copy tags from multiple files.

    By default, this option will commute information between same-named tags in different groups and write each tag to the preferred group. This allows information to be automatically translated when copying between images of different formats. However, if a group name is specified for a tag then the information is written to the original group (unless redirected to another group, see below). This works even if "All" is used as a group name, so "-All:All" is used to specify that all information be copied to the same group in the destination file.

    SRCFILE may be the same as FILE to move information around within a file. In this case, "@" may be used to represent the source file (ie. "-TagsFromFile @"), permitting this feature to be used for batch processing multiple files (see note 3 below). Specified tags are then copied from each file in turn as it is rewritten. For advanced batch use, the source file name may also be specified using a FMT string in which %d, %f and %e represent the directory, file name and extension of FILE. See -w option for FMT string examples.

    A powerful redirection feature allows a destination tag to be specified for each extracted tag. With this feature, information may be written to a tag with a different name or group. This is done using "'-SRCTAG>DSTTAG'" on the command line after -TagsFromFile ("'-DSTTAG<SRCTAG'" also works). Note that this argument must be quoted to prevent shell redirection, and there is no "=" sign as when assigning new values. Both source and destination tags may be prefixed by a group name, and "All" or "*" may be used as a tag or group name. If no destination group is specified, the information is written to the preferred group. As a convenience, "-TagsFromFile @" is assumed for any redirected tags which are specified without a prior -TagsFromFile option. Copied tags may also be added or deleted from a list with arguments of the form "'-SRCTAG+>DSTTAG'" or "'-SRCTAG->DSTTAG'".

    An extension of the redirection feature allows strings involving tag names to be used on the right hand side of the "<" symbol with the syntax "'-DSTTAG<STR'", where tag names in STR are prefixed with a "$" symbol. See the -p option for more details about this syntax. Strings starting with a "=" sign must insert a single space after the "<" to avoid confusion with the "<=" syntax which would otherwise attempt to set the tag value from the contents of a file. A single space at the start of the string is removed if it exists, but all other whitespace is preserved.

    See "COPYING EXAMPLES" for examples using -TagsFromFile.

    Notes:

    1) Be aware of the difference between excluding a tag from being copied (--TAG), and deleting a tag (-TAG=). Excluding a tag prevents it from being copied to the destination image, but deleting will remove a pre-existing tag from the image.

    2) The maker note information is copied as a block, so it isn't affected like other information by subsequent tag assignments on the command line. Also, since the PreviewImage referenced from the maker notes may be rather large, it is not copied, and must be transferred separately if desired.

    3) When performing complex batch processing, it is important to note that the order of operations is different for tags copied in batch mode. In general, tags are copied from batch-mode files after all other command-line arguments have been applied. (The exception is that a group delete is always performed last if there are no subsequent tag assignments on the command line.) For example, the following two commands are not equivalent:

        # (not batch mode):  Sets xmp:title to 'NEW'
        exiftool -tagsfromfile a.jpg -xmp:title -xmp:title=NEW a.jpg

        # (batch mode):  Preserves original title if it exists
        exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -xmp:title -xmp:title=NEW a.jpg

    4) The normal behaviour of copied tags differs subtly from assigned tags for List-type tags. When copying to a list, each copied tag overrides any previous operations on the list. While this avoids duplicate list items when copying groups of tags from a file containing redundant information, it also prevents values from different tags from being copied into the same list when this is the intent. To change this, a -addTagsFromFile option is provided to allow multiple items to be copied to the same list. Other than this difference, -addTagsFromFile is equivalent to -tagsFromFile.

-u  Extract values of unknown tags. Add another -u to also extract unknown information from binary data blocks.

-U  Extract values of unknown tags as well as unknown information from binary data blocks. This is the same as two -u options.

-v[NUM]
    Print verbose messages. NUM specifies the level of verbosity in the range 0-5, with higher numbers being more verbose. If NUM is not given, then each -v option increases the level of verbosity by 1. This option suppresses normal console output unless specific tags are being extracted. -v0 is used when writing to print only the processed file names, and the "Nothing changed" message for files that were not modified.

-ver
    Print version number and exit.

-w EXT or FMT
    Write console output to a file with name ending in EXT for each source file. The output file name is obtained by replacing the source file extension (including the '.') with the specified extension (and a '.' is added to the start of EXT if it didn't contain one). Alternatively, a FMT string may be used to give more control over the output file name and directory. In the format string, %d, %f and %e represent the directory, filename and extension of the source file, and %c represents a copy number which is automatically incremented if the file already exists. %d includes the trailing '/' if necessary, but %e does not include the leading '.'. For example:

        -w %d%f.txt       # same effect as "-w txt"
        -w dir/%f_%e.out  # write files to "dir" as "FILE_EXT.out"
        -w dir2/%d%f.txt  # write to "dir2", keeping dir structure
        -w a%c.txt        # write to "a.txt" or "a1.txt" or "a2.txt"...

    Existing files will not be overwritten, and output directories are created automatically if necessary.

    Note: In a Windows BAT file the '%' character is represented by "%%", so an argument like "%d%f.txt" is written as "%%d%%f.txt".

    Advanced features: A substring of the original file name, directory or extension may be taken by specifying a field width immediately following the '%' character. If the width is negative, the substring is taken from the end. The substring position (characters to ignore at the start or end of the string) may be given by a second optional value after a decimal point. For example:

        Input File Name     Format Specifier    Output File Name
        ----------------    ----------------    ----------------
        Picture-123.jpg     %7f.txt             Picture.txt
        Picture-123.jpg     %-.4f.out           Picture.out
        Picture-123.jpg     %7f.%-3f            Picture.123
        Picture-123a.jpg    Meta%-3.1f.txt      Meta123.txt

    For %c, these modifiers have a different effects. If a field width is given, the copy number is padded with zeros to the specified width. A leading '-' adds a dash before the copy number, and a '+' adds an underline. By default, a copy number of zero is omitted, but this can be changed by adding a decimal point to the modifier. For example:

        -w A%-cZ.txt      # AZ.txt, A-1Z.txt, A-2Z.txt ...
        -w B%5c.txt       # B.txt, B00001.txt, B00002.txt ...
        -w C%.c.txt       # C0.txt, C1.txt, C2.txt ...
        -w D%-.c.txt      # D-0.txt, D-1.txt, D-2.txt ...
        -w E%-.4c.txt     # E-0000.txt, E-0001.txt, E-0002.txt ...
        -w F%-.4nc.txt    # F-0001.txt, F-0002.txt, F-0003.txt ...
        -w G%+c.txt       # G.txt, G_1.txt G_2.txt ...
        -w H%-lc.txt      # H.txt, H-b.txt, H-c.txt ...

    All format codes may be modified by 'l' or 'u' to specify lower or upper case respectively (ie. "%le" for a lower case file extension). When used to modify the copy number (%c), the numbers are changed to an alphabetical base (see example H above). Also, %c may be modified by 'n' to count using natural numbers starting from 1, instead of 0 (see example F).

    This same FMT syntax is used with the -o and -TagsFromFile options, although %c is only valid for output file names.

-x TAG
    Exclude the specified tag. There may be multiple -x options. This has the same effect as --TAG on the command line. May also be used following a -TagsFromFile option to exclude tags from being copied.

-X  Use RDF/XML formatting for console output. Implies the -a option so duplicate tags are extracted. The formatting options -D, -H, -l and -s may be used in combination with -X to affect the output, but note that tag ID's (-D and -H options) may not be added to the short (-s) output. Another restriction of -s is that only one tag with a given group and name may appear in the output. By default, list-type tags with multiple values are formatted as an RDF Bag, but they are combined into a single string when -sep or -s is used. Using -L changes the XML encoding from "UTF-8" to "windows-1252".

-z  When reading, causes information to be extracted from .gz and .bz2 compressed images. (Only one image per archive.) When writing, causes compressed information to be written if supported by the image format. (ie. The PNG format supports compressed text.) The following options allow complex processing to be performed with a single command without the need for additional scripting. This may be particularly useful for implementations such as Windows drag-and-drop applications. These options may also be used to improve performance in multi-pass processing by reducing the overhead required to load exiftool for each invocation.

-common_args
    Specifies that all arguments following this option are common to all executed commands when -execute is used. This is the only option that may not be used inside a -@ ARGFILE.

-execute
    Execute command for all arguments up to this point on the command line. Allows multiple commands to be executed from a single command line.

-srcfile FMT
    Specify a different source file to be processed based on the name of the original file. This may be useful in some special situations for processing related preview images or sidecar files. See the -w option for a description of the FMT syntax. Note that file name FMT strings for all options are based on the original file name specified on the command line, not the name of the source file specified by -srcfile.

READING EXAMPLES

exiftool -a -u -g1 a.jpg
    Print all meta information in an image, including duplicate and unknown tags, sorted by group (for family 1).

exiftool -common dir
    Print common meta information for all images in "dir".

exiftool -T -createdate -aperture -shutterspeed -iso dir > out.txt
    List meta information in tab-delimited column form for all images in "dir" to an output text file named "out.txt".

exiftool -s -ImageSize -ExposureTime b.jpg
    Print ImageSize and ExposureTime tag names and values.

exiftool -l -canon c.jpg d.jpg
    Print standard Canon information from two image files.

exiftool -r -w .txt -common pictures
    Recursively extract common meta information from files in "pictures" directory, writing text output into files with the same names but with a ".txt" extension.

exiftool -p '$filename has date $dateTimeOriginal' -q -f dir
    Print one line of output containing the file name and DateTimeOriginal for each image in directory "dir".

exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage image.jpg > thumbnail.jpg
    Save thumbnail image from "image.jpg" to a file called "thumbnail.jpg".

exiftool -b -PreviewImage 118_1834.JPG > preview.jpg
    Extract preview image from JPG file and write it to "preview.jpg".

exiftool -b -JpgFromRaw -w _JFR.JPG -ext CRW -r .
    Recursively extract JPG image from all Canon CRW files in the current directory, adding "_JFR.JPG" for the name of the output JPG files.

exiftool -d '%r %a, %B %e, %Y' -DateTimeOriginal -S -s *.jpg
    Print formatted date/time for all JPG files in a directory.

exiftool -IFD1:XResolution -IFD1:YResolution
    Extract image resolution from EXIF IFD1 information (thumbnail image IFD).

exiftool -xmp -b a.jpg > out.xmp
    Extract complete XMP data record intact from "a.jpg" and write it to "out.xmp" using the special "XMP" tag (see the Extra tags in Image::ExifTool::TagNames).

exiftool -icc_profile -b -w icc image.jpg
    Save complete ICC_Profile from an image to an output file with the same name and an extension of ".icc".

exiftool -htmldump -w tmp/%f_%e.html t/images
    Generate HTML pages from a hex dump of EXIF information in all images from the "t/images" directory. The output HTML files are written to the "tmp" directory (which is created if it didn't exist), with names of the form 'FILENAME_EXT.html'.

WRITING EXAMPLES
Note that quotes are necessary around arguments which contain certain special characters such as ">", "<" or any white space. These quoting techniques are shell dependent, but the examples below will work for most Unix shells. With the Windows cmd shell however, double quotes should be used (ie. -Comment="This is a new comment").

exiftool -Comment='This is a new comment' dst.jpg
    Write new comment to a JPG image (replaces any existing comment).

exiftool -comment= -o newdir *.jpg
    Remove comment from all JPG images in the current directory, writing the modified images to a new directory.

exiftool -keywords=EXIF -keywords=editor dst.jpg
    Replace existing keyword list with two new keywords ("EXIF" and "editor").

exiftool -Keywords+=word -o newfile.jpg src.jpg
    Copy a source image to a new file, and add a keyword ("word") to the current list of keywords.

exiftool -credit-=xxx dir
    Delete Credit information from all files in a directory where the Credit value was ("xxx").

exiftool -all= dst.jpg
    Delete all meta information from an image.

exiftool -all= -comment='lonely' dst.jpg
    Delete all meta information from an image and add a comment back in. (Note that the order is important: "-comment='lonely' -all=" would also delete the new comment.)

exiftool -all= --jfif:all dst.jpg
    Delete all meta information except JFIF group from an image.

exiftool -Photoshop:All= dst.jpg
    Delete Photoshop meta information from an image (note that the Photoshop information also includes IPTC).

exiftool -r -XMP-crss:all= DIR
    Recursively delete all XMP-crss information from images in a directory.

exiftool '-ThumbnailImage<=thumb.jpg' dst.jpg
    Set the thumbnail image from specified file (Note: The quotes are neccessary to prevent shell redirection).

exiftool '-JpgFromRaw<=%d%f_JFR.JPG' -ext CRW -r .
    Recursively write JPEG images with filenames ending in "_JFR.JPG" to the JpgFromRaw tag of like-named files with extension ".CRW" in the current directory. (This is the inverse of the "-JpgFromRaw" command of the "READING EXAMPLES" section above.)

exiftool -DateTimeOriginal-='0:0:0 1:30:0' dir
    Adjust original date/time of all images in directory "dir" by subtracting one hour and 30 minutes. (This is equivalent to "-DateTimeOriginal-=1.5". See Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl for details.)

exiftool -createdate+=3 -modifydate+=3 a.jpg b.jpg
    Add 3 hours to the CreateDate and ModifyDate timestamps of two images.

exiftool -AllDates+=1:30 -if '$make eq "Canon"' dir
    Shift the values of DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate and ModifyDate forward by 1 hour and 30 minutes for all Canon images in a directory. (The AllDates tag is provided as a shortcut for these three tags, allowing them to be accessed via a single tag.)

exiftool -xmp:city=Kingston image1.jpg image2.nef
    Write a tag to the XMP group of two images. (Without the "xmp:" this tag would get written to the IPTC group since "City" exists in both, and IPTC is preferred by default.)

exiftool -LightSource-='Unknown (0)' dst.tiff
    Delete "LightSource" tag only if it is unknown with a value of 0.

exiftool -whitebalance-=auto -WhiteBalance=tung dst.jpg
    Set "WhiteBalance" to "Tungsten" only if it was previously "Auto".

exiftool -o %d%f.xmp dir
    Create XMP meta information data files for all images in "dir".

exiftool -o test.xmp -owner=Phil -title='XMP File'
    Create an XMP data file only from tags defined on the command line.

exiftool '-ICC_Profile<=%d%f.icc' image.jpg
    Write ICC_Profile to an image from a ".icc" file of the same name.

COPYING EXAMPLES
These examples demonstrate the ability to copy tag values between files.

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.crw dst.jpg
    Copy the values of all writable tags from "src.crw" to "dst.jpg", writing the information to the preferred groups.

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.jpg
    Copy the values of all writable tags from "src.jpg" to "dst.jpg", preserving the original tag groups.

exiftool -all= -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all dst.jpg
    Erase all meta information from "dst.jpg" image, then copy EXIF tags from "src.jpg".

exiftool -tagsfromfile a.jpg out.xmp
    Copy meta information "a.jpg" to an XMP data file. If the XMP data file "out.xmp" already exists, it will be updated with the new information. Otherwise the XMP data file will be created. Only XMP, ICC and MIE files may be created like this (other file types may be edited but not created). See "WRITING EXAMPLES" above for another technique to generate XMP files.

exiftool -tagsFromFile a.jpg -XMP:All= -ThumbnailImage= -m b.jpg
    Copy all meta information from "a.jpg" to "b.jpg", deleting all XMP information and the thumbnail image from the destination.

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -title -author=Phil dst.jpg
    Copy title from one image to another and set a new author name.

exiftool -TagsFromFile a.jpg -ISO -TagsFromFile b.jpg -comment dst.jpg
    Copy ISO from one image and Comment from another image to a destination image.

exiftool -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all --subifd:all dst.jpg
    Copy only the EXIF information from one image to another, excluding SubIFD tags.

exiftool '-DateTimeOriginal>FileModifyDate' dir
    Use the original date from the meta information to set the same file's filesystem modification date for all images in a directory. (Note that "-TagsFromFile @" is assumed if no other -TagsFromFile is specified when redirecting information as in this example.)

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg '-all>xmp:all' dst.jpg
    Copy all possible information from "src.jpg" and write in XMP format to "dst.jpg".

exiftool -@ iptc2xmp.args -iptc:all= a.jpg
    Translate IPTC information to XMP with appropriate tag name conversions, and delete the original IPTC information from an image. This example uses iptc2xmp.args, which is a file included with the ExifTool distribution that contains the required arguments to convert IPTC information to XMP format. Also included with the distribution is xmp2iptc.args, which performs the inverse conversion.

exiftool -tagsfromfile %d%f.CRW -r -ext JPG dir
    Recursively rewrite all "JPG" images in "dir" with information copied from the corresponding "CRW" images in the same directories.

exiftool '-make+>keywords' image.jpg
    Add camera make to list of keywords.

exiftool '-comment<ISO=$exif:iso Exposure=${shutterspeed}' dir
    Set the Comment tag of all images in "dir" from the values of the EXIF:ISO and ShutterSpeed tags. The resulting comment will be in the form "ISO=100 Exposure=1/60".

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -icc_profile dst.jpg
    Copy ICC_Profile from one image to another.

exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.mie
    Copy all meta information in its original form from a JPEG image to a MIE file. The MIE file will be created if it doesn't exist. This technique can be used to store the metadata of an image so it can be inserted back into the image (with the inverse command) later in a workflow.

exiftool -o dst.mie -all:all src.jpg
    This command performs exactly the same task as the command above, except that the "-o" option will not write to an output file that already exists.

exiftool -if '$jpgfromraw' -b -jpgfromraw -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute -if '$previewimage' -b -previewimage -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute -tagsfromfile @ -srcfile %d%f_%ue.jpg -overwrite_original -common_args --ext jpg DIR
    [Advanced] Extract JpgFromRaw or PreviewImage from all but JPG files in DIR, saving them with file names like "image_EXT.jpg", then add all meta information from the original files to the extracted images. Here, the command line is broken into three sections (separated by -execute options), and each is executed as if it were a separate command. The -common_args option causes the "--ext jpg DIR" arguments to be applied to all three commands, and the -srcfile option allows the extracted JPG image to be the source file for the third command (whereas the RAW files are the source files for the other two commands).

RENAMING EXAMPLES
By writing the "FileName" and "Directory" tags, files are renamed and/or moved to new directories. This can be particularly useful and powerful for organizing files by date when combined with the -d option. New directories are created as necessary, but existing files will not be overwritten. The format codes %d, %f and %e may be used in the new file name to represent the directory, name and extension of the original file, and %c may be used to add a copy number if the file already exists (see the -w option for details). Note that if used within a date format string, an extra '%' must be added to pass these codes through the date/time parser. (And further note that in a Windows batch file, all '%' characters must also be escaped, so in this extreme case '%%%%f' is necessary to pass a simple '%f' through the two levels of parsing.)

exiftool -filename=new.jpg dir/old.jpg
    Rename "old.jpg" to "new.jpg" in directory "dir".

exiftool -directory=%e dir
    Move all files from directory "dir" into directories named by the original file extensions.

exiftool '-Directory<DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir
    Move all files in "dir" into a directory hierarchy based on year, month and day of "DateTimeOriginal". ie) This command would move the file "dir/image.jpg" with a "DateTimeOriginal" of "2005:10:12 16:05:56" to "2005/10/12/image.jpg".

exiftool '-filename<%f_${focallength}.%e' dir
    Rename all files in "dir" by adding FocalLength to the file name.

exiftool '-FileName<CreateDate' -d %Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e dir
    Rename all images in "dir" according to the "CreateDate" date and time, adding a copy number with leading '-' if the file already exists ("%-c"), and preserving the original file extension (%e). Note the extra '%' necessary to escape the filename codes (%c and %e) in the date format string.

exiftool -r '-FileName<CreateDate' -d %Y-%m-%d/%H%M_%%f.%%e dir
    Both the directory and the filename may be changed together via the "FileName" tag if the new "FileName" contains a '/'. The example above recursively renames all images in a directory by adding a "CreateDate" timestamp to the start of the filename, then moves them into new directories named by date.

exiftool '-FileName<${CreateDate}_$filenumber.jpg' -d %Y%m%d *.jpg
    Set the filename of all JPG images in the current directory from the CreateDate and FileNumber tags, in the form "20060507_118-1861.jpg".

PIPING EXAMPLES

cat a.jpg | exiftool -
    Extract information from stdin.

exiftool image.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -
    Extract information from an embedded thumbnail image.

cat a.jpg | exiftool -iptc:keywords+=fantastic - > b.jpg
    Add an IPTC keyword in a pipeline, saving output to a new file.

wget -qO - http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg | exiftool -fast -
    Extract information from an image over the internet using the GNU wget utility. The -fast option prevents exiftool from scanning for trailer information, so only the meta information header is transferred.

exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -comment=wow - | exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage'<=-'
    Add a comment to an embedded thumbnail image. (Why anyone would want to do this I don't know, but I've included this as an example to illustrate the flexibility of ExifTool.)

BUGS
ExifTool does not handle information stored in the resource fork on Macintosh filesystems.

AUTHOR
Copyright 2003-2008, Phil Harvey

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO
Image::ExifTool(3pm), Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm), Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts(3pm), Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl