intel(4)

NAME
intel - Intel integrated graphics chipsets

SYNOPSIS
Section "Device"
  Identifier "devname"
  Driver "intel"
  ...
EndSection

DESCRIPTION
intel is an Xorg driver for Intel integrated graphics chipsets. The driver supports depths 8, 15, 16 and 24. All visual types are supported in depth 8. For the i810/i815 other depths support the TrueColor and DirectColor visuals. For the i830M and later, only the TrueColor visual is supported for depths greater than 8. The driver supports hardware accelerated 3D via the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI), but only in depth 16 for the i810/i815 and depths 16 and 24 for the 830M and later.

SUPPORTED HARDWARE
intel supports the i810, i810-DC100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 852GM, 855GM, 865G, 915G, 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 965G, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 945GME, G33, Q33, Q35, G35, GM45, G45, Q45, G43 and G41 chipsets.

CONFIGURATION DETAILS
Please refer to xorg.conf(5) for general configuration details. This section only covers configuration details specific to this driver.

The Intel 8xx and 9xx families of integrated graphics chipsets have a unified memory architecture meaning that system memory is used as video RAM. For the i810 and i815 family of chipsets, operating system support for allocating system memory is required in order to use this driver. For the 830M and later, this is required in order for the driver to use more video RAM than has been pre-allocated at boot time by the BIOS. This is usually achieved with an "agpgart" or "agp" kernel driver. Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and Solaris have such kernel drivers available.

By default, the i810/i815 will use 8 MB of system memory for graphics if AGP allocable memory is < 128 MB, 16 MB if < 192 MB or 24 MB if higher. Use the VideoRam option to change the default value.

For the 830M and later, the driver will automatically size its memory allocation according to the features it will support. Therefore, the VideoRam option, which in the past had been necessary to allow more than some small amount of memory to be allocated, is now ignored.

The following driver Options are supported

Option "NoAccel" "boolean"
    Disable or enable acceleration.

    Default: acceleration is enabled.

Option "ColorKey" "integer"
    This sets the default pixel value for the YUV video overlay key.

    Default: undefined.

Option "CacheLines" "integer"
    This allows the user to change the amount of graphics memory used for 2D acceleration and video when XAA acceleration is enabled. Decreasing this amount leaves more for 3D textures. Increasing it can improve 2D performance at the expense of 3D performance.

    Default: depends on the resolution, depth, and available video memory. The driver attempts to allocate space for at 3 screenfuls of pixmaps plus an HD-sized XV video. The default used for a specific configuration can be found by examining the Xorg log file.

Option "FramebufferCompression" "boolean"
    This option controls whether the framebuffer compression feature is enabled. If possible, the front buffer will be allocated in a tiled format and compressed periodically to save memory bandwidth and power. This option is only available on mobile chipsets.

    Default: enabled on supported configurations.

Option "Tiling" "boolean"
    This option controls whether memory buffers are allocated in tiled mode. In most cases (especially for complex rendering), tiling dramatically improves performance.

    Default: enabled.

Option "DRI" "boolean"
    Disable or enable DRI support.

    Default: DRI is enabled for configurations where it is supported.

The following driver Options are supported for the i810 and i815 chipsets:

Option "DDC" "boolean"
    Disable or enable DDC support.

    Default: enabled.

Option "Dac6Bit" "boolean"
    Enable or disable 6-bits per RGB for 8-bit modes.

    Default: 8-bits per RGB for 8-bit modes.

Option "XvMCSurfaces" "integer"
    This option enables XvMC. The integer parameter specifies the number of surfaces to use. Valid values are 6 and 7.

    Default: XvMC is disabled.

VideoRam integer
    This option specifies the amount of system memory to use for graphics, in KB.

    The default is 8192 if AGP allocable memory is < 128 MB, 16384 if < 192 MB, 24576 if higher. DRI require at least a value of 16384. Higher values may give better 3D performance, at expense of available system memory.

The following driver Options are supported for the 830M and later chipsets:

Option "VideoKey" "integer"
    This is the same as the "ColorKey" option described above. It is provided for compatibility with most other drivers.

Option "XvPreferOverlay" "boolean"
    Make hardware overlay be the first XV adaptor. The overlay behaves incorrectly in the presence of compositing, but some prefer it due to it syncing to vblank in the absence of compositing. While most XV-using applications have options to select which XV adaptor to use, this option can be used to place the overlay first for applications which don't have options for selecting adaptors.

    Default: Textured video adaptor is preferred.

Option "AccelMethod" "string"
    Choose acceleration architecture, either "XAA", "EXA", or "UXA". XAA is the old XFree86 based acceleration architecture. EXA is a simpler acceleration architecture designed to better accelerate the X Render extension. UXA is a newer acceleration architecture built from the EXA acceleration code but taking advantage of kernel memory management to provide simpler, faster code.

    Default: "UXA" if kernel-modesetting is available, "EXA" otherwise.

Option "ModeDebug" "boolean"
    Enable printing of additional debugging information about modesetting to the server log.

    Default: Disabled

Option "FallbackDebug" "boolean"
    Enable printing of debugging information on acceleration fallbacks to the server log.

    Default: Disabled

Option "ForceEnablePipeA" "boolean"
    Force the driver to leave pipe A enabled. May be necessary in configurations where the BIOS accesses pipe registers during display hotswitch or lid close, causing a crash. If you find that your platform needs this option, please file a bug (see REPORTING BUGS below) including the output of 'lspci -v' and 'lspci -vn'.

Option "LVDS24Bit" "boolean"
    Specify 24 bit pixel format (i.e. 8 bits per color) to be used for the LVDS output. Some newer LCD panels expect pixels to be formatted and sent as 8 bits per color channel instead of the more common 6 bits per color channel. Set this option to true to enable the newer format. Note that this concept is entirely different and independent from the frame buffer color depth - which is still controlled in the usual way within the X server. This option instead selects the physical format / sequencing of the digital bits sent to the display. Setting the frame buffer color depth is really a matter of preference by the user, while setting the pixel format here is a requirement of the connected hardware.

    Leaving this unset implies the default value of false, which is almost always going to be right choice. If your LVDS-connected display on the other hand is extremely washed out (e.g. white on a lighter white), trying this option might clear the problem.

Option "LVDSFixedMode" "boolean"
    Use a fixed set of timings for the LVDS output, independent of normal xorg specified timings.

    The default value if left unspecified is true, which is what you want for a normal LVDS-connected LCD type of panel. If you are not sure about this, leave it at its default, which allows the driver to automatically figure out the correct fixed panel timings. See further in the section about LVDS fixed timing for more information.

Option "XvMC" "boolean"
    Enable XvMC driver. Current support MPEG2 MC on 915/945 and G33 series. User should provide absolute path to libIntelXvMC.so in XvMCConfig file.

    Default: Disabled.

OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
On 830M and better chipsets, the driver supports runtime configuration of detected outputs. You can use the xrandr tool to control outputs on the command line. Each output listed below may have one or more properties associated with it (like a binary EDID block if one is found). Some outputs have unique properties which are described below. See the "MULTIHEAD CONFIGURATIONS" section below for additional information.

  VGA
VGA output port (typically exposed via an HD15 connector).

  LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signalling output (typically a laptop LCD panel). Available properties:

BACKLIGHT - current backlight level (adjustable)

By adjusting the BACKLIGHT property, the brightness on the LVDS output can be adjusted.  In some cases, this property may be unavailable (for example if your platform uses an external microcontroller to control the backlight).

BACKLIGHT_CONTROL - method used to control backlight

The driver will attempt to automatically detect the backlight control method for your platform.  If this fails however, you can select another method which may allow you to control your backlight.  Available methods include:

native

Intel chipsets include backlight control registers, which on some platforms may be wired to control the backlight directly.  This method uses those registers.

legacy

The legacy backlight control registers exist in PCI configuration space, and have fewer available backlight levels than the native registers.  However, some platforms are wired this way and so need to use this method.

combo

This method attempts to use the native registers where possible, resorting to the legacy, configuration space registers only to enable the backlight if needed.  On platforms that have both wired this can be a good choice as it allows the fine grained backlight control of the native interface.

kernel

On some system, the kernel may provide a backlight control driver.  In that case, using the kernel interfaces is preferable, as the same driver may respond to hotkey events or external APIs.

PANEL_FITTING - control LCD panel fitting

By default, the driver will attempt to upscale resolutions smaller than the LCD's native size while preserving the aspect ratio.  Other modes are available however:

center

Simply center the image on-screen, without scaling.

full_aspect

The default mode.  Try to upscale the image to the screen size, while preserving aspect ratio.  May result in letterboxing or pillar-boxing with some resolutions.

full

Upscale the image to the native screen size without regard to aspect ratio.  In this mode, the full screen image may appear distorted in some resolutions.

  TV
Integrated TV output. Available properties include:

BOTTOM, RIGHT, TOP, LEFT - margins

Adjusting these properties allows you to control the placement of your TV output buffer on the screen. The options with the same name can also be set in xorg.conf with integer value.

BRIGHTNESS - TV brightness, range 0-255

Adjust TV brightness, default value is 128.

CONTRAST - TV contrast, range 0-255

Adjust TV contrast, default value is 1.0 in chipset specific format.

SATURATION - TV saturation, range 0-255

Adjust TV saturation, default value is 1.0 in chipset specific format.

HUE - TV hue, range 0-255

Adjust TV hue, default value is 0.

TV_FORMAT - output standard

This property allows you to control the output standard used on your TV output port.  You can select between NTSC-M, NTSC-443, NTSC-J, PAL-M, PAL-N, and PAL.

TV_Connector - connector type

This config option should be added to xorg.conf TV monitor's section, it allows you to force the TV output connector type, which bypass load detect and TV will always be taken as connected. You can select between S-Video, Composite and Component.

  TMDS-1
First DVI SDVO output

  TMDS-2
Second DVI SDVO output

  TMDS-1 , TMDS-2 , HDMI-1 , HDMI-2
DVI/HDMI outputs. Avaliable common properties include:

BROADCAST_RGB - method used to set RGB color range(full range 0-255, not full range 16-235)

Adjusting this propertie allows you to set RGB color range on each channel in order to match HDTV requirment(default 0 for full range). Setting 1 means RGB color range is 16-235, 0 means RGB color range is 0-255 on each channel.

SDVO and DVO TV outputs are not supported by the driver at this time.

See xorg.conf(5) for information on associating Monitor sections with these outputs for configuration. Associating Monitor sections with each output can be helpful if you need to ignore a specific output, for example, or statically configure an extended desktop monitor layout.

HARDWARE LVDS FIXED TIMINGS AND SCALING
Following here is a discussion that should shed some light on the nature and reasoning behind the LVDSFixedMode option. Unlike a CRT display, an LCD has a "native" resolution corresponding to the actual pixel geometry. A graphics controller under all normal circumstances should always output that resolution (and timings) to the display. Anything else and the image might not fill the display, it might not be centered, or it might have information missing - any manner of strange effects can happen if an LCD panel is not fed with the expected resolution and timings. However there are cases where one might want to run an LCD panel at an effective resolution other than the native one. And for this reason, GPUs which drive LCD panels typically include a hardware scaler to match the user-configured frame buffer size to the actual size of the panel. Thus when one "sets" his/her 1280x1024 panel to only 1024x768, the GPU happily configures a 1024x768 frame buffer, but it scans the buffer out in such a way that the image is scaled to 1280x1024 and in fact sends 1280x1024 to the panel. This is normally invisible to the user; when a "fuzzy" LCD image is seen, scaling like this is why this happens. In order to make this magic work, this driver logically has to be configured with two sets of monitor timings - the set specified (or otherwise determined) as the normal xorg "mode", and the "fixed" timings that are actually sent to the monitor. But with xorg, it's only possible to specify the first user-driven set, and not the second fixed set. So how does the driver figure out the correct fixed panel timings? Normally it will attempt to detect the fixed timings, and it uses a number of strategies to figure this out. First it attempts to read EDID data from whatever is connected to the LVDS port. Failing that, it will check if the LVDS output is already configured (perhaps previously by the video BIOS) and will adopt those settings if found. Failing that, it will scan the video BIOS ROM, looking for an embedded mode table from which it can infer the proper timings. If even that fails, then the driver gives up, prints the message "Couldn't detect panel mode. Disabling panel" to the X server log, and shuts down the LVDS output. Under most circumstances, the detection scheme works. However there are cases when it can go awry. For example, if you have a panel without EDID support and it isn't integral to the motherboard (i.e. not a laptop), then odds are the driver is either not going to find something suitable to use or it is going to find something flat-out wrong, leaving a messed up display. Remember that this is about the fixed timings being discussed here and not the user-specified timings which can always be set in xorg.conf in the worst case. So when this process goes awry there seems to be little recourse. This sort of scenario can happen in some embedded applications. The LVDSFixedMode option is present to deal with this. This option normally enables the above-described detection strategy. And since it defaults to true, this is in fact what normally happens. However if the detection fails to do the right thing, the LVDSFixedMode option can instead be set to false, which disables all the magic. With LVDSFixedMode set to false, the detection steps are skipped and the driver proceeds without a specified fixed mode timing. This then causes the hardware scaler to be disabled, and the actual timings then used fall back to those normally configured via the usual xorg mechanisms. Having LVDSFixedMode set to false means that whatever is used for the monitor's mode (e.g. a modeline setting) is precisely what is sent to the device connected to the LVDS port. This also means that the user now has to determine the correct mode to use - but it's really no different than the work for correctly configuring an old-school CRT anyway, and the alternative if detection fails will be a useless display. In short, leave LVDSFixedMode alone (thus set to true) and normal fixed mode detection will take place, which in most cases is exactly what is needed. Set LVDSFixedMode to false and then the user has full control over the resolution and timings sent to the LVDS-connected device, through the usual means in xorg.

MULTIHEAD CONFIGURATIONS
The number of independent outputs is dictated by the number of CRTCs (in X parlance) a given chip supports. Most recent Intel chips have two CRTCs, meaning that two separate framebuffers can be displayed simultaneously, in an extended desktop configuration. If a chip supports more outputs than it has CRTCs (say local flat panel, VGA and TV in the case of many outputs), two of the outputs will have to be "cloned", meaning that they display the same framebuffer contents (or one displays a subset of another's framebuffer if the modes aren't equal). You can use the "xrandr" tool, or various desktop utilities, to change your output configuration at runtime. To statically configure your outputs, you can use the "Monitor-<type>" options along with additional monitor sections in your xorg.conf to create your screen topology. The example below puts the VGA output to the right of the builtin laptop screen, both running at 1024x768.
Section "Monitor"
  Identifier "Laptop FooBar Internal Display"
  Option "Position" "0 0"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
  Identifier "Some Random CRT"
  Option "Position" "1024 0"
  Option "RightOf" "Laptop FoodBar Internal Display"
EndSection
Section "Device"
  Driver "intel"
  Option "monitor-LVDS" "Laptop FooBar Internal Display"
  Option "monitor-VGA" "Some Random CRT"
EndSection

TEXTURED VIDEO ATTRIBUTES
The driver supports the following X11 Xv attributes for Textured Video. You can use the "xvattr" tool to query/set those attributes at runtime.

  XV_SYNC_TO_VBLANK
XV_SYNC_TO_VBLANK is used to control whether textured adapter synchronizes the screen update to the vblank to eliminate tearing. It is a Boolean attribute with values of 0 (never sync) or 1 (always sync). An historic value of -1 (sync for large windows only) will now be interpreted as 1, (since the current approach for sync is not costly even with small video windows).

  XV_BRIGHTNESS

  XV_CONTRAST

REPORTING BUGS
The xf86-video-intel driver is part of the X.Org and Freedesktop.org umbrella projects. Details on bug reporting can be found at http://www.intellinuxgraphics.org/how_to_report_bug.html. Mailing lists are also commonly used to report experiences and ask questions about configuration and other topics. See lists.freedesktop.org for more information (the xorg@lists.freedesktop.org mailing list is the most appropriate place to ask X.Org and driver related questions).

SEE ALSO
Xorg(1), xorg.conf(5), Xserver(1), X(7)

AUTHORS
Authors include: Keith Whitwell, and also Jonathan Bian, Matthew J Sottek, Jeff Hartmann, Mark Vojkovich, Alan Hourihane, H. J. Lu. 830M and 845G support reworked for XFree86 4.3 by David Dawes and Keith Whitwell. 852GM, 855GM, and 865G support added by David Dawes and Keith Whitwell. 915G, 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 965G, 965Q and 946GZ support added by Alan Hourihane and Keith Whitwell. Lid status support added by Alan Hourihane. Textured video support for 915G and later chips, RandR 1.2 and hardware modesetting added by Eric Anholt and Keith Packard. EXA and Render acceleration added by Wang Zhenyu. TV out support added by Zou Nan Hai and Keith Packard. 965GM, G33, Q33, and Q35 support added by Wang Zhenyu.