# Nadir

The nadir is the point directly below the person viewing or below the camera (set a Pitch of -90 degrees in PanoTools). The opposite (above) point is named Zenith and has a Pitch value of (+)90 degrees. The horizon or equator is in-between and has a Pitch of 0 degrees.

The Nadir is streched to a line in Equirectangular Projection, making it hard to edit directly. However, a rectilinear view can be extracted for editing.

The Nadir usually gives much more problems than the Zenith because there either is a tripod to cover or there are Parallax errors to edit. Objects at the nadir tend to be much closer to the lens and therefore errors in the setup will more likely be detectable in this part of the picture. One possible way to solve this problem is to use tripod caps.

## Related articles

- Stitching Nadir Shots
- Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)
- Adding a nadir logo with text
- How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images
- Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui
- Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter
- Zenith and Nadir editing overview
- Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"

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