qqmath {lattice} | R Documentation

## Q-Q Plot with Theoretical Distribution

### Description

Quantile-Quantile plot of a sample and a theoretical distribution

### Usage

    qqmath(x, data, ...)

    ## S3 method for class 'formula':
    qqmath(x,
           data,
           allow.multiple = is.null(groups) || outer,
           outer = !is.null(groups),
           distribution = qnorm,
           f.value = NULL,
           auto.key = FALSE,
           aspect = "fill",
           panel = lattice.getOption("panel.qqmath"),
           prepanel = NULL,
           scales, strip, groups,
           xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
           drop.unused.levels = lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
           ...,
           lattice.options = NULL,
           default.scales = list(),
           subscripts,
           subset)
    ## S3 method for class 'numeric':
    qqmath(x, data = NULL, ylab, ...)

### Arguments

`x` | The object on which method dispatch is carried out. For the `"formula"` method, a formula of the form `~ x | g1 * g2 * ...`, where `x` must be a numeric. For the `"numeric"` method, a numeric vector.
`data` | For the `formula` method, an optional data frame in which variables in the formula (as well as `groups` and `subset`, if any) are to be evaluated. Usualll ignored with a warning in other methods.
`distribution` | a quantile function that takes a vector of probabilities as argument and produces the corresponding quantiles. Possible values are `qnorm`, `qunif` etc. Distributions with other required arguments need to be passed in as user defined functions.
`f.value` | optional numeric vector of probabilities, quantiles corresponding to which should be plotted. Can also be a function of a single integer (representing sample size) that returns such a numeric vector. The typical value for this argument is the function `ppoints`, which is also the S-PLUS default. If specified, the probabilities generated by this function is used for the plotted quantiles, using the `quantile` function for the sample, and the function specified as the `distribution` argument for the theoretical distribution. `f.value` defaults to `NULL`, which has the effect of using `ppoints` for the quantiles of the theoretical distribution, but the exact data values for the sample. This is similar to what happens for `qqnorm`, but different from the S-PLUS default of `f.value=ppoints`. For large `x`, this argument can be useful in plotting a smaller set of quantiles, which is usually enough to capture the pattern.
`panel` | The panel function to be used. Unlike in older versions, the default panel function does most of the actual computations and has support for grouping. See `panel.qqmath` for details.
`allow.multiple, outer, auto.key, aspect, prepanel, scales, strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim, drop.unused.levels, lattice.options, default.scales, subscripts, subset` | See `xyplot`
`...` | Further arguments. See corresponding entry in `xyplot` for non-trivial details.

### Details

`qqmath` produces a Q-Q plot of the given sample and a theoretical distribution. The default behaviour of `qqmath` is different from the corresponding S-PLUS function, but is similar to `qqnorm`. See the entry for `f.value` for specifics.

The implementation details are also different from S-PLUS. In particular, all the important calculations are done by the panel (and prepanel function) and not `qqmath` itself. In fact, both the arguments `distribution` and `f.value` are passed unchanged to the panel and prepanel function. This allows, among other things, display of grouped Q-Q plots, which are often useful. See the help page for `panel.qqmath` for further details.

This and all other high level Trellis functions have several arguments in common. These are extensively documented only in the help page for `xyplot`, which should be consulted to learn more detailed usage.

### Value

An object of class `"trellis"`. The `update` method can be used to update components of the object and the `print` method (usually called by default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.

### Author(s)

Deepayan Sarkar Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org

### See Also

`xyplot`, `panel.qqmath`, `panel.qqmathline`, `prepanel.qqmathline`, `Lattice`, `quantile`

### Examples

    qqmath(~ rnorm(100), distribution = function(p) qt(p, df = 10))
    qqmath(~ height | voice.part, aspect = "xy", data = singer,
           prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline,
           panel = function(x, ...) {
              panel.qqmathline(x, ...)
              panel.qqmath(x, ...)
           })
    vp.comb <-
        factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "),
                      "[", 1),
               levels = c("Bass", "Tenor", "Alto", "Soprano"))
    vp.group <-
        factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "),
                      "[", 2))
    qqmath(~ height | vp.comb, data = singer,
           groups = vp.group, auto.key = list(space = "right"),
           aspect = "xy",
           prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline,
           panel = function(x, ...) {
              panel.qqmathline(x, ...)
              panel.qqmath(x, ...)
           })

[Package lattice version 0.17-17 Index]