apply {base} | R Documentation

## Apply Functions Over Array Margins

### Description

Returns a vector or array or list of values obtained by applying a function to margins of an array.

### Usage

    apply(X, MARGIN, FUN, ...)

### Arguments

`X` | the array to be used.
`MARGIN` | a vector giving the subscripts which the function will be applied over. `1` indicates rows, `2` indicates columns, `c(1,2)` indicates rows and columns.
`FUN` | the function to be applied: see ‘Details’. In the case of functions like `+`, `%*%`, etc., the function name must be backquoted or quoted.
`...` | optional arguments to `FUN`.

### Details

If `X` is not an array but has a dimension attribute, `apply` attempts to coerce it to an array via `as.matrix` if it is two-dimensional (e.g., data frames) or via `as.array`.

`FUN` is found by a call to `match.fun` and typically is either a function or a symbol (e.g. a backquoted name) or a character string specifying a function to be searched for from the environment of the call to `apply`.

### Value

If each call to `FUN` returns a vector of length `n`, then `apply` returns an array of dimension `c(n, dim(X)[MARGIN])` if `n > 1`. If `n` equals `1`, `apply` returns a vector if `MARGIN` has length 1 and an array of dimension `dim(X)[MARGIN]` otherwise. If `n` is `0`, the result has length 0 but not necessarily the ‘correct’ dimension.
If the calls to `FUN` return vectors of different lengths, `apply` returns a list of length `prod(dim(X)[MARGIN])` with `dim` set to `MARGIN` if this has length greater than one.
In all cases the result is coerced by `as.vector` to one of the basic vector types before the dimensions are set, so that (for example) factor results will be coerced to a character array.

### References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

### See Also

`lapply`, `tapply`, and convenience functions `sweep` and `aggregate`.

### Examples

    ## Compute row and column sums for a matrix:
    x <- cbind(x1 = 3, x2 = c(4:1, 2:5))
    dimnames(x)[[1]] <- letters[1:8]
    apply(x, 2, mean, trim = .2)
    col.sums <- apply(x, 2, sum)
    row.sums <- apply(x, 1, sum)
    rbind(cbind(x, Rtot = row.sums), Ctot = c(col.sums, sum(col.sums)))

    stopifnot( apply(x, 2, is.vector))

    ## Sort the columns of a matrix
    apply(x, 2, sort)

    ##- function with extra args:
    cave <- function(x, c1, c2) c(mean(x[c1]), mean(x[c2]))
    apply(x,1, cave,  c1="x1", c2=c("x1","x2"))

    ma <- matrix(c(1:4, 1, 6:8), nrow = 2)
    ma
    apply(ma, 1, table)  #--> a list of length 2
    apply(ma, 1, stats::quantile)# 5 x n matrix with rownames

    stopifnot(dim(ma) == dim(apply(ma, 1:2, sum)))

    ## Example with different lengths for each call
    z <- array(1:24, dim=2:4)
    zseq <- apply(z, 1:2, function(x) seq_len(max(x)))
    zseq         ## a 2 x 3 matrix
    typeof(zseq) ## list
    dim(zseq) ## 2 3
    zseq[1,]
    apply(z, 3, function(x) seq_len(max(x)))
    # a list without a dim attribute

[Package base version 2.8.1 Index]