#### A.1.12 Exception and Error Handling in Oct-Files

Another important feature of Octave is its ability to react to the user typing `Control-C` even during calculations. This ability is based on the C++ exception handler, where memory allocated by the C++ new/delete methods are automatically released when the exception is treated. When writing an oct-file, to allow Octave to treat the user typing `Control-C`, the `OCTAVE_QUIT` macro is supplied. For example

         for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.nelem (); i++)
           {
             OCTAVE_QUIT;
             b.elem(i) = 2. * a.elem(i);
           }

The presence of the `OCTAVE_QUIT` macro in the inner loop allows Octave to treat the user request with the `Control-C`. Without this macro, the user must either wait for the function to return before the interrupt is processed, or press `Control-C` three times to force Octave to exit.

The `OCTAVE_QUIT` macro does impose a very small speed penalty, and so for loops that are known to be small it might not make sense to include `OCTAVE_QUIT`.

When creating an oct-file that uses an external libraries, the function might spend a significant portion of its time in the external library. It is not generally possible to use the `OCTAVE_QUIT` macro in this case. The alternative in this case is

         BEGIN_INTERRUPT_IMMEDIATELY_IN_FOREIGN_CODE;
         ...  some code that calls a "foreign" function ...
         END_INTERRUPT_IMMEDIATELY_IN_FOREIGN_CODE;

The disadvantage of this is that if the foreign code allocates any memory internally, then this memory might be lost during an interrupt, without being deallocated. Therefore, ideally Octave itself should allocate any memory that is needed by the foreign code, with either the fortran_vec method or the `OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER` macro.

The Octave unwind_protect mechanism (The unwind_protect Statement) can also be used in oct-files. In conjunction with the exception handling of Octave, it is important to enforce that certain code is run to allow variables, etc to be restored even if an exception occurs. An example of the use of this mechanism is

         /*

         Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 John W. Eaton

         This file is part of Octave.

         Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
         modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
         as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
         version 3  of the License, or (at your option) any later
         version.

         Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
         but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
         of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
         See the GNU General Public License for more details.

         You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
         License along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not,
         see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

         */

         #include <octave/oct.h>
         #include <octave/unwind-prot.h>

         void
         err_hand (const char *fmt, ...)
         {
           // Do nothing!!
         }

         DEFUN_DLD (unwinddemo, args, nargout, "Unwind Demo")
         {
           int nargin = args.length();
           octave_value retval;
           if (nargin < 2)
             print_usage ();
           else
             {
               NDArray a = args(0).array_value ();
               NDArray b = args(1).array_value ();

               if (! error_state)
                 {
                   unwind_protect::begin_frame ("Funwinddemo");
                   unwind_protect_ptr
         	    (current_liboctave_warning_handler);
                   set_liboctave_warning_handler(err_hand);
                   retval = octave_value (quotient (a, b));
                   unwind_protect::run_frame ("Funwinddemo");
                 }
             }
           return retval;
         }

As can be seen in the example

         unwinddemo (1, 0)
         => Inf
         1 / 0
         => warning: division by zero
            Inf

The division by zero (and in fact all warnings) is disabled in the `unwinddemo` function.