Tie::Array(3p)

NAME
Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

SYNOPSIS
    package Tie::NewArray;
    use Tie::Array;
    @ISA = ('Tie::Array');

    # mandatory methods
    sub TIEARRAY { ... }
    sub FETCH { ... }
    sub FETCHSIZE { ... }

    sub STORE { ... }        # mandatory if elements writeable
    sub STORESIZE { ... }    # mandatory if elements can be added/deleted
    sub EXISTS { ... }       # mandatory if exists() expected to work
    sub DELETE { ... }       # mandatory if delete() expected to work

    # optional methods - for efficiency
    sub CLEAR { ... }
    sub PUSH { ... }
    sub POP { ... }
    sub SHIFT { ... }
    sub UNSHIFT { ... }
    sub SPLICE { ... }
    sub EXTEND { ... }
    sub DESTROY { ... }

    package Tie::NewStdArray;
    use Tie::Array;

    @ISA = ('Tie::StdArray');

    # all methods provided by default

    package main;

    $object = tie @somearray,Tie::NewArray;
    $object = tie @somearray,Tie::StdArray;
    $object = tie @somearray,Tie::NewStdArray;

DESCRIPTION
This module provides methods for array-tying classes. See perltie for a list of the functions required in order to tie an array to a package. The basic Tie::Array package provides stub "DESTROY", and "EXTEND" methods that do nothing, stub "DELETE" and "EXISTS" methods that croak() if the delete() or exists() builtins are ever called on the tied array, and implementations of "PUSH", "POP", "SHIFT", "UNSHIFT", "SPLICE" and "CLEAR" in terms of basic "FETCH", "STORE", "FETCHSIZE", "STORESIZE".

The Tie::StdArray package provides efficient methods required for tied arrays which are implemented as blessed references to an "inner" perl array. It inherits from Tie::Array, and should cause tied arrays to behave exactly like standard arrays, allowing for selective overloading of methods.

For developers wishing to write their own tied arrays, the required methods are briefly defined below. See the perltie section for more detailed descriptive, as well as example code:

TIEARRAY classname, LIST
    The class method is invoked by the command "tie @array, classname". Associates an array instance with the specified class. "LIST" would represent additional arguments (along the lines of AnyDBM_File and compatriots) needed to complete the association. The method should return an object of a class which provides the methods below.

STORE this, index, value
    Store datum value into index for the tied array associated with object this. If this makes the array larger then class's mapping of "undef" should be returned for new positions.

FETCH this, index
    Retrieve the datum in index for the tied array associated with object this.

FETCHSIZE this
    Returns the total number of items in the tied array associated with object this. (Equivalent to "scalar(@array)").

STORESIZE this, count
    Sets the total number of items in the tied array associated with object this to be count. If this makes the array larger then class's mapping of "undef" should be returned for new positions. If the array becomes smaller then entries beyond count should be deleted.

EXTEND this, count
    Informative call that array is likely to grow to have count entries. Can be used to optimize allocation. This method need do nothing.

EXISTS this, key
    Verify that the element at index key exists in the tied array this.

    The Tie::Array implementation is a stub that simply croaks.

DELETE this, key
    Delete the element at index key from the tied array this.

    The Tie::Array implementation is a stub that simply croaks.

CLEAR this
    Clear (remove, delete, ...) all values from the tied array associated with object this.

DESTROY this
    Normal object destructor method.

PUSH this, LIST
    Append elements of LIST to the array.

POP this
    Remove last element of the array and return it.

SHIFT this
    Remove the first element of the array (shifting other elements down) and return it.

UNSHIFT this, LIST
    Insert LIST elements at the beginning of the array, moving existing elements up to make room.

SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
    Perform the equivalent of "splice" on the array.

    offset is optional and defaults to zero, negative values count back from the end of the array.

    length is optional and defaults to rest of the array.

    LIST may be empty.

    Returns a list of the original length elements at offset.

CAVEATS
There is no support at present for tied @ISA. There is a potential conflict between magic entries needed to notice setting of @ISA, and those needed to implement 'tie'.

Very little consideration has been given to the behaviour of tied arrays when $[ is not default value of zero.

AUTHOR
Nick Ing-Simmons <nik@tiuk.ti.com>