# ownCloud Administrators Manual

# Manual Installation

If you do not want to use packages, here is how you setup ownCloud from scratch using a classic LAMP setup:

This document provides a complete walk-through for installing ownCloud on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server with Apache and MySQL.

## Prerequisites

Note

This tutorial assumes you have terminal access to the machine you want to install ownCloud on. Although this is not an absolute requirement, installation without it is highly likely to require contacting your hoster (e.g. for installing required modules).

To run ownCloud, your web server must have the following installed:

- php5 (>= 5.3.8, minimum recommended 5.4)
- PHP module ctype
- PHP module dom
- PHP module GD
- PHP module iconv
- PHP module JSON
- PHP module libxml
- PHP module mb multibyte
- PHP module SimpleXML
- PHP module XMLWriter
- PHP module zip
- PHP module zlib

Database connectors (pick at least one):

- PHP module sqlite (>= 3, usually not recommended for performance reasons)
- PHP module mysql
- PHP module pgsql (requires PostgreSQL >= 9.0)

Recommended packages:

- PHP module curl (highly recommended, some functionality, e.g. http user authentication, depends on this)
- PHP module fileinfo (highly recommended, enhances file analysis performance)
- PHP module bz2 (recommended, required for extraction of apps)
- PHP module intl (increases language translation performance and fixes sorting of non-ASCII characters)
- PHP module mcrypt (increases file encryption performance)
- PHP module openssl (required for accessing HTTPS resources)

Required for specific apps (if you use the mentioned app, you must install that package):

- PHP module ldap (for ldap integration)
- smbclient (for SMB storage)
- PHP module ftp (for FTP storage)

Recommended for specific apps (optional):

- PHP module exif (for image rotation in pictures app)
- PHP module gmp (for SFTP storage)

For enhanced performance (optional / select only one of the following):

- PHP module apc
- PHP module apcu
- PHP module xcache

For preview generation (optional):

- PHP module imagick
- avconv or ffmpeg
- OpenOffice or libreOffice

Remarks:

- Please check your distribution, operating system or hosting partner documentation on how to install/enable these modules.

- Make sure your distribution’s php version fulfils the version requirements specified above. If it doesn’t, there might be custom repositories you can use. If you are e.g. running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, you can update your PHP using a custom PHP PPA:

      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5
      sudo apt-get update
      sudo apt-get install php5

- You don’t need any WebDAV support module for your web server (i.e. Apache’s mod_webdav) to access your ownCloud data via WebDAV. ownCloud has a built-in WebDAV server of its own.

## Example installation on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server

On a machine running a pristine Ubuntu 14.04 LTS server, you would install the required and recommended modules for a typical ownCloud installation, using Apache and MySQL by issuing the following commands in a terminal:

    apt-get install apache2 mysql-server libapache2-mod-php5
    apt-get install php5-gd php5-json php5-mysql php5-curl
    apt-get install php5-intl php5-mcrypt php5-imagick

Remarks:

- This installs the packages for the ownCloud core system. If you are planning on running additional apps, keep in mind that they might require additional packages. See the Prerequisites section (above) for details.
- At the execution of each of the above commands you might be prompted whether you want to continue; press “Y” for Yes (that is if your system language is English. You might have to press a different key if you have a different system language).
- At the installation of the MySQL server, you will be prompted for a root password. Be sure to remember the password you enter there for later use as you will need it during ownCloud database setup.

Now download the archive of the latest ownCloud version:

- Navigate to the ownCloud Installation Page.

- Click the Archive file for server owners button.

- Click Download Unix.

- This downloads a file named owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2 (where x.y.z is the version number of the current latest version).

- Save this file on the machine you want to install ownCloud on.

- Verify the MD5 or SHA256 sum:

      md5sum  owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2
      sha256sum owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2

- You may also verify the PGP signature:

      wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.asc
      wget https://owncloud.org/owncloud.asc
      gpg --import owncloud.asc
      gpg owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2

- Now you can extract the archive contents. Open a terminal, navigate to your download directory, and run:

      tar -xjf owncloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2

- Copy the ownCloud files to their final destination in the document root of your web server:

      cp -r owncloud /path/to/webserver/document-root

  where `/path/to/webserver/document-root` is replaced by the document root of your Web server. Typically, on Ubuntu systems this `/var/www/owncloud`, so your copying command is:

      cp -r owncloud /var/www/

## Setting Secure Directory Permissions

Your HTTP user must own at least the `config/`, `data/` and `apps/` directories in your ownCloud directory so that you can configure ownCloud, create, modify and delete your data files, and install apps via the ownCloud Web interface. We recommend setting the directory permissions as strictly as possible for stronger security.

You can find your HTTP user in your HTTP server configuration files. Or you can create a PHP page to find it for you. To do this, create a plain text file with a single line in it:

> `<?php echo exec('whoami'); ?>`

Name it `whoami.php` and place it in your `/var/www/html` directory, and then open it in a Web browser, for example `http://localhost/whoami.php`. You should see a single line in your browser page with the HTTP user name.

Note

When using an NFS mount for the data directory, do not change ownership as above. The simple act of mounting the drive will set proper permissions for ownCloud to write to the directory. Changing ownership as above could result in some issues if the NFS mount is lost.

The generic command to change ownership of all files and subdirectories in a directory is:

    chown -R <http-user>:<http-user> /path/to/owncloud/

For hardened security we highly recommend setting the permissions on your ownCloud directory as strictly as possible. These commands should be executed immediately after the initial installation:

    chown -R root:root /path/to/owncloud/
    chmod -R 755 /path/to/owncloud/
    chown <http-user>:<http-user> /path/to/owncloud/config/config.php
    chmod 750 /path/to/owncloud/config/config.php
    chown -R <http-user>:<http-user> /path/to/owncloud/data/
    chmod -R 750 /path/to/owncoud/data
    chown root:root /path/to/owncloud/data/.htaccess
    chmod 755 /path/to/owncloud/data/.htaccess
    chown <http-user>:<http-user> /path/to/owncloud/apps/
    chmod 750 /path/to/owncloud/apps/

These strict permissions will prevent the Updater app from working. If you use the Updater app, it needs your whole ownCloud directory to be owned by the http-user, like these examples:

- This example is for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS server:

      chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/owncloud

- Arch Linux:

      chown -R http:http /path/to/owncloud/

- Fedora:

      chown -R apache:apache /path/to/owncloud/

- openSUSE:

      chown -R wwwrun:www /path/to/owncloud/

After the Update app has run, you should re-apply the strict permissions.

Apache is the recommended Web server.

## Apache Web Server Configuration

Note

You can use ownCloud over plain http, but we strongly encourage you to use SSL/TLS to encrypt all of your server traffic, and to protect user’s logins and data in transit.

## Enabling SSL

An Apache installed under Ubuntu comes already set-up with a simple self-signed certificate. All you have to do is to enable the ssl module and the according site. Open a terminal and run:

    a2enmod ssl
    a2ensite default-ssl
    service apache2 reload

If you are using a different distribution, check your documentation on how to enable SSL.

Note

Self-signed certificates have their drawbacks - especially when you plan to make your ownCloud server publicly accessible. You might want to consider getting a certificate signed by commercial signing authority. Check with your domain name registrar or hosting service, if you’re using one, for good deals on commercial certificates.

## Configuring ownCloud

Since there was a change in the way versions 2.2 and 2.4 are configured, you’ll have to find out which Apache version you are using.

Usually you can do this by running one of the following commands:

    apachectl -v
    apache2 -v

Example output:

    Server version: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)
    Server built:   Jul 22 2014 14:36:38

Example config for Apache 2.2:

    <Directory /path/to/owncloud>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>

Example config for Apache 2.4:

    <Directory /path/to/owncloud>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

- This configuration entry needs to go into the configuration file of the “site” you want to use.

- On a Ubuntu system, this typically is the “default-ssl” site (to be found in the `/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf`).

- Add the entry shown above immediately before the line containing:

      </VirtualHost>

  (this should be one of the last lines in the file).

- A minimal site configuration file on Ubuntu 14.04 might look like this:

    <IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
            ServerName YourServerName
            ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
            DocumentRoot /var/www
            <Directory />
                    Options FollowSymLinks
                    AllowOverride None
            </Directory>
            <Directory /var/www/>
                    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                    AllowOverride None
                    Order allow,deny
                    allow from all
            </Directory>
            ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
            LogLevel warn
            CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined
            SSLEngine on
            SSLCertificateFile    /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
            SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
            <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </FilesMatch>
            <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </Directory>
            BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                    nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                    downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
            BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
            <Directory /var/www/owncloud>
                    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                    AllowOverride All
                    Allow from all
                    Require all granted
                    Dav Off
                    Satisfy Any
            </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>
    </IfModule>

- For ownCloud to work correctly, we need the module `mod_rewrite`. Enable it by running:

      a2enmod rewrite

- In distributions that do not come with `a2enmod`, the module needs to be enabled manually by editing the Apache config files, usually `/etc/httpd/httpd.conf`. Consult the Apache documentation or your Linux distribution’s documentation.

- In order for the maximum upload size to be configurable, the `.htaccess` in the ownCloud folder needs to be made writable by the server (this should already be done, see section `Set the Directory Permissions`).

- You should make sure that any built-in WebDAV module of your web server is disabled (at least for the ownCloud directory), as it will interfere with ownCloud’s built-in WebDAV support.

  If you need the WebDAV support in the rest of your configuration, you can turn it off specifically for the ownCloud entry by adding the following line in the `<Directory` section for your ownCloud server. Add the following line directly after the `allow from all` / `Require all granted` line:

      Dav Off

- You must disable any server-configured authentication for ownCloud, as it uses Basic authentication internally for DAV services. If you have turned on authentication on a parent folder (via e.g. an `AuthType Basic` directive), you can turn off the authentication specifically for the ownCloud entry. Following the above example configuration file, add the following line directly after the `allow from all` / `Require all granted` line in the `<Directory` section:

      Satisfy Any

- When using ssl, take special note on the ServerName. You should specify one in the server configuration, as well as in the CommonName field of the certificate. If you want your ownCloud to be reachable via the internet, then set both of these to the domain you want to reach your ownCloud server.

Note

By default, the certificates’ CommonName will be set to the host name at the time the ssl-cert package was installed.

- Finally, restart Apache.

  - On Ubuntu systems run:

        service apache2 restart

  - On systemd systems (Fedora, Arch Linux, OpenSUSE), run:

        systemctl restart httpd.service

## Install Wizard

Finish setting up your ownCloud server by following the Installation Wizard.

## Other Web Servers

Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

See Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 for further instructions.

Nginx Configuration

See Nginx Configuration

Lighttpd Configuration

See Lighttpd Configuration

Yaws Configuration

See Yaws Configuration

Hiawatha Configuration

See Hiawatha Configuration