MAKEFS(8)

NAME
makefs - create a file system image from a directory tree

SYNOPSIS
makefs [-b free-blocks] [-f free-files] [-M minimum-size] [-m maximum-size] [-O offset] [-o fs-options] [-S sector-size] [-s image-size] [-T timestamp] [-t fs-type] image-file directory

DESCRIPTION
The utility makefs creates a file system image into image-file from the directory tree directory. No special devices or privileges are required to perform this task.

The options are as follows:

-b free-blocks
    Ensure that a minimum of free-blocks exist in the image. An optional ‘%’ suffix may be provided to indicate that free-blocks indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.

-f free-files
    Ensure that a minimum of free-files (inodes) exist in the image. An optional ‘%’ suffix may be provided to indicate that free-files indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.

-M minimum-size
    Set the minimum size of the file system image to minimum-size.

-m maximum-size
    Set the maximum size of the file system image to maximum-size. An error will be raised if the target file system needs to be larger than this to accommodate the provided directory tree.

-O offset
    Instead of creating the file system at the beginning of the file, start at offset. Valid only for ffs and msdos.

-o fs-options
    Set file system specific options. fs-options is a comma separated list of options. Valid file system specific options are detailed below.

-S sector-size
    Set the file system sector size to sector-size. Defaults to 512.

-s image-size
    Set the size of the file system image to image-size.

-T timestamp
    Specify a timestamp to be set for all file system files and directories created so that repeatable builds are possible. The timestamp is an integer value interpreted as the number of seconds from the Epoch.

-t fs-type
    Create an fs-type file system image. The following file system types are supported:

    cd9660
        ISO 9660 file system.
    ffs BSD Fast File System (the default).
    msdos
        FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.

Sizes are specified as a decimal number of bytes and may use a multiplier, as documented in scan_scaled(3). Two or more numbers may be separated by an ‘x’ to indicate a product.

  ffs options
ffs images have ffs-specific optional parameters that may be provided. Each of the options consists of a keyword, an equal sign (‘=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

avgfilesize
    Expected average file size.
avgfpdir
    Expected number of files per directory.
bsize
    Block size.
density
    Bytes per inode.
disklabel
    Name of a disk described in disktab(5). A disklabel with the information will be written at a machine dependent location in the image. The size of the file system image, the sector size and the bsize and fsize parameters are inferred from the disklabel.
extent
    Maximum extent size.
fsize
    Fragment size.
label
    Label name of the image.
maxbpcg
    Maximum total number of blocks in a cylinder group.
maxbpg
    Maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group.
minfree
    Minimum % free.
optimization
    Optimization preference: one of ‘space’ (default) or ‘time’.
version
    UFS version. 1 for FFS (default) or 2 for UFS2.

  cd9660 options
cd9660 images have ISO9660-specific optional parameters that may be provided. The arguments consist of a keyword and, optionally, an equal sign (‘=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

allow-deep-trees
    Allow the directory structure to exceed the maximum specified in the spec.
allow-multidot
    Allow multiple dots in a filename.
applicationid
    Application ID of the image.
boot-load-segment
    Set load segment for the boot image.
bootimage
    Filename of a boot image in the format “sysid;filename”, where “sysid” is one of ‘i386’, ‘macppc’, ‘powerpc’, or ‘efi’.
generic-bootimage
    Load a generic boot image into the first 32K of the CD9660 image.
hard-disk-boot
    Boot image is a hard disk image.
isolevel
    ISO Level.
label
    Label name of the image.
no-boot
    Boot image is not bootable.
no-emul-boot
    Boot image is a “no emulation” ElTorito image.
no-trailing-padding
    Do not pad the image (apparently Linux needs the padding).
omit-trailing-period
    Omit trailing periods in filenames.
preparer
    Preparer ID of the image.
publisher
    Publisher ID of the image.
rockridge
    Use RockRidge extensions (for longer filenames, etc.).
volumeid
    Volume set identifier of the image.

  msdos options
msdos images have MS-DOS-specific optional parameters that may be provided. The arguments consist of a keyword, an equal sign (‘=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

backup_sector
    Location of the backup boot sector.
block_size
    Block size.
bootstrap
    Bootstrap file.
bytes_per_sector
    Bytes per sector.
create_size
    Create file size.
directory_entries
    Directory entries.
drive_heads
    Drive heads.
fat_type
    FAT type (12, 16, or 32).
floppy
    Preset drive parameters for standard format floppy disks (160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200, 1232, 1440, or 2880).
hidden_sectors
    Hidden sectors.
info_sector
    Location of the info sector.
media_descriptor
    Media descriptor.
num_FAT
    Number of FATs.
OEM_string
    OEM string.
offset
    Offset in device.
reserved_sectors
    Reserved sectors.
sectors_per_cluster
    Sectors per cluster.
sectors_per_fat
    Sectors per FAT.
sectors_per_track
    Sectors per track.
size
    File System size.
volume_id
    Volume ID.
volume_label
    Volume Label.

SEE ALSO
scan_scaled(3), installboot(8), newfs(8)

HISTORY
The makefs utility appeared in NetBSD 1.6.

AUTHORS
-nosplit Luke Mewburn <lukem@NetBSD.org> (original program), Daniel Watt, Walter Deignan, Ryan Gabrys, Alan Perez-Rathke, Ram Vedam (cd9660 support), and Christos Zoulas (msdos support).